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AS 2885.5:2020
[Current]Pipelines — Gas and liquid petroleum, Part 5: Field pressure testing
Sets out methods for the determination of the strength and the leak tightness of a pipeline test section.
Published: 04/12/2020
Pages: 137
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope and exclusions
1.1.1 General
1.1.2 Exclusions
1.2 Normative references
1.3 Terms and definitions
1.4 Symbols and units
1.5 Abbreviations
1.6 Rounding of numbers
2 Safety
2.1 Basis of section
2.2 Hazard assessment
2.3 Emergency response plan
2.4 Communications and transport
2.5 Exclusion zone
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Entry into exclusion zone
2.5.3 Visual leak inspection safety
2.5.4 Leak repair safety
2.6 Environmental safety
2.7 Working with compressed air or gas
2.8 Procedures and precautions where test fluid is air or gas
2.9 Filling and dewatering
2.10 Procedures and precautions where test fluid is petroleum liquid
2.11 Pipe subjected to freeze sectioning
2.11.1 General
2.11.2 Freeze plugging procedure
2.11.3 Safety
3 Equipment and test liquid
3.1 Basis of section
3.2 Requirements of measurement instruments
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Pressure-measuring equipment
3.2.2.1 General
3.2.2.2 Requirements for pressure-measuring instruments
3.2.2.3 Selection of pressure-measuring equipment
3.2.2.4 Verification of pressure-measuring equipment
3.2.3 Volume-measuring equipment
3.2.3.1 General
3.2.3.2 Verification of volume-measuring equipment
3.2.4 Temperature-measuring equipment
3.2.4.1 General
3.2.4.2 Verification of temperature-measuring equipment
3.3 Installation and location of test equipment
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Pressure gauges
3.3.3 Temperature measurement
3.4 Test fluid
3.4.1 Type of test fluid
3.4.2 Selection of test liquid
3.5 Test headers
4 Preparation for tests
4.1 Basis of section
4.2 Test design
4.3 Test personnel
4.4 Test plan
4.5 Test section
4.6 Pressure test procedure
4.7 Site work
5 Filling
5.1 Basis of section
5.2 Filling
6 Pressure testing
6.1 Basis of section
6.2 Preliminary test
6.3 Pretested pipe
6.4 Mechanical interference joints
6.5 Pneumatic test
6.6 Pressurization
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Residual air
6.6.3 Pressurization end-point
6.6.4 Observed leaks during pressurizing
6.7 Strength test
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Strength text hold period
6.7.3 Observed leaks during the strength test hold period
6.7.4 Strength test assessment
6.8 Leak test
6.8.1 General
6.8.2 Leak test uncertainty
6.8.3 Thermal stability for a leak test
6.8.4 Leak test requirements
6.8.5 Temperature data measurement
6.8.6 Leak test pressure
6.8.7 Observed leaks during leak test
6.8.8 Leak test assessment
6.8.8.1 General
6.8.8.2 Leak test Type A
6.8.8.3 Leak test Type B
6.8.8.4 Leak test Types C, D and E
6.8.8.5 Leak test Type F
6.8.9 Combined strength and leak test
7 Reinstatement of the test section
7.1 Basis of section
7.2 Reinstatement
8 Reports and records
8.1 Basis of section
8.2 Reporting requirements
8.3 Records
Appendix A
A.1 Introduction and history
A.1.1 Introduction
A.1.2 History
A.2 Basis of the standard
A.3 Strength testing
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 End-point criteria 2012 revision
A.4 Leak test
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Test equipment
A.4.3 Large volume test sections
A.4.4 Test pressure
A.4.5 Leak tightness
A.4.6 Temperature
A.4.7 Thermal stability assessment
A.4.8 Dissolution of air
A.5 Techniques
A.5.1 Test plan
A.5.2 Test equipment
A.5.3 Measurement of pressure in strength tests
A.5.4 Measurement for volume/strain-monitored tests
A.5.5 Measurement for leak tests
A.6 Conduct of the test
A.6.1 Pressure-controlled strength test (Type 1)
A.6.2 Maximum strength test pressure (Type 2)
A.6.3 Strain limited test (Type 3)
A.6.3.1 General
A.6.3.2 Data requirements
A.6.4 Strength test
A.6.5 Leak test
Appendix B
B.1 General
B.1.1 Notation
B.1.2 Steel properties
B.1.3 General relationships
B.2 Water as a testing medium
B.3 Hydrocarbon liquids as testing media
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Bulk compressibility factor (equivalent to factor A for water)
B.3.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion
B.4 Effect of ambient temperature changes
B.5 Restrained and unrestrained pipe
Appendix C
C.1 Scope
C.2 Example 1 — Typical test using water as test fluid
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Calculation constants
C.2.3 Pipeline details
C.2.4 Test section data
C.2.5 Pipe properties and mill tests
C.2.6 Basic test conditions
C.2.7 Basic test section calculations
C.2.8 Calculated test pressure
C.2.9 Test pressures referred to test point elevation
C.2.10 Pressure-volume-temperature relationship calculation
C.2.11 Restrained test section response to temperature, pressure and volume change
C.2.12 Instrument sensitivities and leak test type
C.2.13 Other useful items
C.3 Example 2 — Pressure-controlled test using hydrocarbon test fluid
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Calculation constants
C.3.3 Pipeline details
C.3.4 Test section data
C.3.5 Pipe properties and mill tests
C.3.6 Basic test conditions and preliminary fluid properties
C.3.7 Basic test section calculations
C.3.8 Calculated test pressures
C.3.9 Test pressures referred to test point elevation
C.3.10 Pressure–volume–temperature relationship calculation (at leak test pressure)
C.3.11 Δp factor
C.3.12 Instrument sensitivities and leak test type
C.3.13 Other useful information
Appendix D
D.1 Scope
D.2 Procedure
Appendix E
E.1 Scope
E.2 Notation
E.3 Stress-strain diagrams
E.3.1 General
E.3.2 Electric resistance welded pipe
E.3.3 Strain-aged pipe
E.3.4 Cold-expanded pipe
E.3.5 Small diameter pipe
E.4 Pressure-added volume curve
E.4.1 Overview
E.4.2 Effect of stress state on yield onset
E.4.3 Effect of strain rate on the onset of plasticity
E.4.4 Combined effect of stress state and strain rate
Appendix F
F.1 Scope
F.2 Potential causes of a premature end-point
F.2.1 General
F.2.2 Potential causes of yielding in a test section
Appendix G
G.1 Scope
G.2 Notation
G.3Assessment of air content
G.3.1 General
G.3.2 Air in the test section
G.3.3 Dissolution of air
G.3.4 Pressure release
G.3.5 Safety and environmental implications of air in the test section
G.3.6 Determination of the air content limit for the test
G.4 Graphic method for air content measurement
G.5 Numeric methods for air content measurement
G.5.1 General
G.5.2 Procedure using pressure-volume data
G.5.3 Procedure using volume added between two pressures
G.5.4 Procedure using volume removed between two pressures
G.6 Additional equations
G.7 Derivation
Appendix H
H.1 General
H.1.1 Calibration process
H.1.2 Measurement uncertainty
H.1.3 Improving repeatability relative to AFV
H.1.4 Symbols and equations
H.1.4.1 General
H.1.4.2 Symbols
H.1.4.3 Equations
H.2 Pressurization and strength test uncertainty requirements
H.3 Leak test uncertainty requirements
H.3.1 Alternative determination method of pipe wall temperature repeatability
H.3.2 MSA pressure repeatability evaluation
H.3.3 Average pipe wall temperature-measurement uncertainty
H.3.4 Leak test result measurement uncertainty
Appendix I
I.1 Scope
I.2 AFV and leak test pressure temperature correlation
I.3 Ground, pipe, and fluid heat exchange
I.4 Buried pipe temperature sensor location effects
I.5 Pipe thermoelastic effect
I.6 Exposed pipe wall temperature effects
I.7 Exposed low and high end-point effects
I.8 Inclined buried pipe wall temperature effects
I.9 Weather pattern effects on buried pipe temperatures
I.10 Temperature stabilization following filling and water movement
I.11 Pressurization and pressure changes
I.12 Cryogenic leak detection
Appendix J
J.1 Introduction
J.2 Pressure changes
J.3 Temperature changes
J.4 Derivation of Figures J.1, J.2, J.3, J.4 and J.5
J.4.1 General
J.4.2 Determination of the diameter of the equivalent hole
J.4.3 Liquid petroleum pipelines
J.4.4 Gas pipelines
J.5 Example
Appendix K
Appendix L
L.1 Introduction
L.2 Permissible elevation differences
L.2.1 Minimum strength-test pressure
L.2.2 Permissible elevation range
L.2.3 Maximum strength-test pressure
L.3 Test type
L.4 Length of test section
Appendix M
M.1 Introduction
M.2 Magnitude of the temperature changes
M.3 Recommendations
Appendix N
N.1 Introduction
N.2 Sources of energy release and hazards
N.3 Hazard assessment
N.4 Fluid escape velocity calculation
N.5 Guidelines for sizing exclusion zones
N.6 Safety recommendations
Appendix O
O.1 General
O.1.1 Requirements
O.1.2 Exclusions
O.1.3 Nameplate
O.1.4 Pressure tests
O.2 Design requirements
O.3 Design
O.3.1 General
O.3.2 Design conditions
O.3.3 Design loads
O.3.4 Wall thickness
O.3.5 Allowable stress limits for listed materials
O.3.5.1 General
O.3.5.2 Internal pressure stress
O.3.5.3 Combined stresses in the shell — Pressure and bending (where relevant for saddle supports)
O.3.5.3.1 Combined stress limit at midspan
O.3.5.3.2 Combined stress limit at the saddle
O.3.5.3.3 Compressive stress at the saddle in bending
O.3.5.4 Membrane stresses in the head
O.3.5.5 Stresses in the shell caused by the saddle
O.3.5.5.1 Tangential shear stress in the plane of the saddle
O.3.5.5.2 Combined circumferential bending stress at the horn of the saddle
O.3.5.5.3 Ring compression in the shell
O.3.5.5.4 Stresses in the shell due to thermal expansion
O.3.5.6 Supports and miscellaneous structural items
O.3.5.7 Local stresses in the shell due to loads on nozzles and attachments
O.3.5.8 Occasional loads
O.3.5.9 Summary of allowable stresses for listed materials
O.3.6 Allowable stresses for unlisted materials
O.3.6.1 Allowable stresses for shells
O.3.6.2 Allowable stresses for heads
O.3.6.3 Branch connections
O.3.7 Supports
O.3.8 Lifting lugs
O.4 Manufacture
O.5 Pressure testing
O.5.1 Testing headers prior to use
O.5.2 Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP)
O.6 Re-use of existing headers
Bibliography
Amendment control sheet
AS 2885.5:2020
Amendment No. 1 (2022)
Correction amendment
Cited references in this standard
MSA Test Method 2
Calibration of Pressure Gauges
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