Standard
Track updates
AS 1894:2025
[Current]AS 1894:2025 specifies requirements and recommendations for non-flammable cryogenic and refrigerated liquids of classified as Class 2.2 (with or without a subsidiary hazard of 5.1) in the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and listed in the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and Rail (ADG Code).
Published: 08/08/2025
Pages: 72
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Introduction
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Normative references
1.3 Terms and definitions
1.4 New designs and innovations
1.5 Globally Harmonized System
1.6 Security of storage areas
1.7 Placarding, signage, marking and labelling of containers, equipment, installations and storage areas
2 Portable Dewars and portable pressure flasks
2.1 General
2.2 Precautions for storage and handling
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Formation of frozen plug
2.2.3 Handling
2.2.4 Use of elevators
3 Storage vessels and ancillary equipment
3.1 General
3.2 Design requirements for storage vessels
3.3 Foundations and supports for storage vessels
3.4 Location of storage vessels
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Outdoor installations
3.4.2.1 Outdoor store
3.4.2.2 Ventilation
3.4.2.3 Level and slope
3.4.2.4 Service pipelines
3.4.2.5 Raised installations
3.4.2.6 Protection against electrical hazards
3.4.2.7 Protection against impact from helicopters
3.4.3 Indoor installations for inert cryogenic and refrigerated liquids
3.4.3.1 Indoor store
3.4.3.2 Location
3.4.3.3 Ventilation
3.4.3.4 Volume of ventilated space
3.4.3.5 Vents and relief valves
3.4.3.6 Gas generating processes
3.4.3.7 Gas detection and alarm
3.5 Identification of product and equipment
3.5.1 Storage vessels and associated equipment
3.5.2 Contents of pipes
3.5.2.1 Medical gas piping distribution systems
3.5.2.2 Other gas pipes
3.6 Valves
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Isolation valves
3.6.3 Secondary isolation valves
3.7 Relief valves and vents
3.8 Remote decanting points
3.8.1 Oxidizing fluids
3.8.2 Inert fluids
4 Transfer area
4.1 General
4.1.1 Location
4.1.2 Road tanker access
4.1.3 Standing on public property
4.1.4 Filling point
4.2 Pipes, hoses and couplings
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Pipelines
4.2.3 Hoses and couplings
4.3 Instruments and valves
4.3.1 Pressure gauges
4.3.2 Cleanliness
4.4 Commissioning and installation
4.5 In-service inspection and maintenance
4.6 Decommissioning
4.7 Re-evaluation
5 Liquid oxygen and liquefied nitrous oxide
5.1 General
5.2 Hazards
5.2.1 Hazards of oxygen and nitrous oxide
5.2.2 Additional hazards of liquefied nitrous oxide
5.3 Location of storage vessels for liquid oxygen and liquefied nitrous oxide
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Separation from flammable and combustible liquids and flammable gases
5.3.3 Cyclone and flood areas
5.4 Transfer area
5.5 Personal protection
5.5.1 Clothing
5.5.2 Prevention of fire and explosion
5.5.3 Smoking and ignition sources
5.5.4 Entry into oxygen-enriched atmosphere
5.6 Tools
5.7 Equipment
5.8 Cleaning
5.9 Materials
5.10 Electrical equipment
5.11 Lubricants
6 Special requirements for inert, non-oxidizing cryogenic and refrigerated liquids
6.1 General
6.2 Hazards
6.3 Oxygen enrichment
6.4 Location of storage vessels and fill points
6.4.1 Storage vessels
6.4.2 Fill points and hose connection points
6.4.3 Positioning of hose assembly during transfer
6.4.4 Transfers general requirements
6.5 Special precautions for helium
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Storage
6.5.3 Purging and precooling
6.6 Special precautions for carbon dioxide
7 Operational and personnel safety
7.1 General
7.2 Application
7.3 Precautions
7.3.1 Cleanliness
7.3.2 Design requirements for storage vessels and ancillary equipment
7.3.3 Ventilation
7.3.4 Freezing
7.3.5 Control of entry
7.3.6 Clear access
7.3.7 Lighting
7.3.8 Safety information
7.3.9 Site upkeep
7.4 Transfer operations
7.4.1 Location of transfer areas
7.4.2 Positioning of hose assembly during transfer
7.4.3 General requirements
7.5 Filling operations
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Operating of valves
7.6 Periodic inspection
7.7 Safety procedures for installations and their maintenance
7.7.1 General
7.7.2 Work permits
7.7.3 Hot work
7.7.4 Preparation of work site and plant
7.7.5 Completion of work and commissioning
7.8 Operation of the installation
7.8.1 Authorized personnel
7.8.2 Operating instructions
7.8.3 Operating difficulty or emergency
7.8.4 Modification of equipment
7.9 Personnel training
7.9.1 Job knowledge
7.9.2 Training
7.10 Personal protective equipment
7.10.1 General
7.10.2 Clothing
7.10.3 Gloves
7.10.4 Face and eye protection
7.10.5 Footwear
7.10.6 Hearing protection
7.10.7 Care and maintenance of personal protective equipment
7.11 First aid
7.11.1 First aid station
7.11.2 First aid procedures
8 Emergency management
8.1 General
8.2 Planning for emergencies
8.2.1 Considerations in designing premises
8.2.2 Emergency plan
8.2.2.1 General
8.2.2.2 Review of the emergency plan
8.2.2.3 On-site emergency plan
8.2.2.4 Off-site emergency plan
8.3 Information required by emergency services
8.4 Signage
8.5 Management of leaks and spills
9 Fire protection
9.1 General
9.2 Hazards
9.3 Fire protection measures
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Fire protection system
9.3.3 Design
9.3.4 Heat protection
9.3.5 Compatibility
9.3.6 Location
9.3.7 Weather protection
9.4 Fire protection requirements
9.5 Water supply and fire water retention
9.5.1 Water supply requirements
9.5.2 Action in the event of fire
10 Disposal of cryogenic and refrigerated liquids
10.1 General
10.2 Disposal
Appendix A
A.1 General
A.2 Fixed systems
A.3 Fire alarm systems
A.4 Fire extinguishers
A.5 Special risks
A.5.1 General
A.5.2 Maintenance
A.5.3 Limitations
A.6 Hose reels
A.6.1 General
A.6.2 Maintenance
A.7 Fire hydrants
A.7.1 General
A.7.2 Maintenance
A.7.3 Monitors
A.7.4 Sprinkler systems
Appendix B
B.1 Physical properties
Appendix C
C.1 Personal contact
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Cold-contact burns
C.1.3 Frostbite
C.1.4 Suffocation (asphyxia)
C.1.5 Lung disorders
C.1.6 General body cooling (hypothermia)
C.2 Fire and explosion
C.2.1 General
C.2.2 Oxygen hazard
C.2.3 Nitrous oxide hazard
C.3 Mechanical failure
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Pressure rupture
C.3.3 Brittle failure
C.3.4 Freezing
C.3.5 Thermal contraction leakage
C.4 Boiling and splashing
C.5 Mist formation
Appendix D
D.1 General
D.2 Damage avoidance
Appendix E
E.1 General
E.2 Ventilation
Appendix F
F.1 General
F.2 Transport and storage requirements
F.2.1 Containers
F.2.2 Loaded vehicles and rail wagons
F.3 Sites
F.3.1 Fixed liquid tanks, solids containers and process equipment
F.3.2 Piping
F.3.3 Installations and storage areas
F.3.4 HAZCHEM placard
F.3.5 Additional workplace signage
Appendix G
G.1 General
G.2 Cryogenic burns
G.2.1 Hazards
G.2.2 Application
G.2.3 First aid for cryogenic burns
G.2.4 Treatment after first aid
G.3 Asphyxia
G.3.1 Symptoms
G.3.1.1 Sudden asphyxia
G.3.1.2 Gradual asphyxia
G.3.1.3 First aid for asphyxia
Appendix H
H.1 General
H.2 Entry into vessels
Appendix I
Appendix J
J.1 General
J.2 Preparation of emergency procedures
J.3 Guidelines for emergency procedures
J.4 Leaks and spills
J.5 Fire
J.5.1 General
J.5.2 Oxygen and nitrous oxide
J.5.3 Nitrogen, helium and argon, and carbon dioxide
J.6 Rescue from a gas-affected area
J.6.1 General
J.6.2 Procedures
J.6.3 Training
Appendix K
K.1 General
K.2 Manifest contents
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
[Available Superseded]
Minimum design loads on structures (known as the SAA Loading Code), Part 2: Wind loads
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