Standard
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AS 1894-1997
[Current]The storage and handling of non-flammable cryogenic and refrigerated liquids
Sets out requirements and recommendations for the storage and handling non-flammable cryogenic liquids at temperatures below minus 90 degrees Celsius and non-flammable refrigerated liquids at or below minus 15 degrees Celsius which are classified as Class 2.2 in the ADG Code. Special requirements for the storage and handling of liquefied oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, argon, helium and carbon dioxide are provided. The properties and hazards of these liquids, precautions for their handling and an outline of first aid procedures are discussed.
Published: 05/11/1997
Pages: 58
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
PREFACE
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.5 DEFINITIONS
1.6 SECURITY OF STORAGE AREAS
2 PORTABLE DEWARS AND PORTABLE PRESSURE FLASKS
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
2.2 PRECAUTIONS FOR THE STORAGE AND HANDLING OF PORTABLE DEWARS AND PORTABLE PRESSURE FLASKS
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Formation of frozen plug
2.2.3 Handling
3 STORAGE VESSELS AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
3.2 APPLICATION
3.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE VESSELS
3.4 FOUNDATIONS AND SUPPORTS FOR STORAGE VESSELS
3.5 LOCATION OF STORAGE VESSELS
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Protection against vehicular damage
3.5.3 Outdoor installations
3.5.3.1 Level and slope
3.5.3.2 Service pipelines
3.5.3.3 Raised installations
3.5.3.4 Protection against electrical hazards
3.5.4 Indoor installations for inert cryogenic and refrigerated liquids
3.5.4.1 Location
3.5.4.2 Ventilation
3.5.4.3 Vents and relief valves
3.5.4.4 Mechanical ventilation
3.6 IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCT AND EQUIPMENT
3.7 VALVES
3.8 RELIEF VALVES AND VENTS
3.9 TRANSFER AREA
3.9.1 Location
3.9.2 Standing on public property
3.9.3 Filling point
3.9.4 Special requirements for liquid oxygen and liquefied nitrous oxide
3.10 PIPES, HOSES AND COUPLINGS
3.10.1 General
3.10.2 Pipelines
3.10.3 Hoses and couplings
3.11 INSTRUMENTS AND VALVES
3.11.1 Gauges
3.11.2 Cleanliness
3.12 COMMISSIONING AND INSTALLATION
3.13 IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
3.14 DECOMMISSIONING
3.15 RE-EVALUATION
4 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID OXYGEN AND LIQUEFIED NITROUS OXIDE
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
4.2 HAZARDS
4.2.1 Hazards of oxygen and nitrous oxide
4.2.2 Additional hazards of liquefied nitrous oxide
4.3 LOCATION OF STORAGE VESSELS FOR LIQUID OXYGEN AND LIQUEFIED NITROUS OXIDE
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Separation from flammable and combustible liquids and flammable gases
4.4 TRANSFER AREA
4.5 PERSONAL PROTECTION
4.5.1 Clothing
4.5.2 Prevention of fire and explosion
4.5.3 Smoking and ignition sources
4.5.4 Entry into oxygen-enriched atmosphere
4.6 TOOLS
4.7 EQUIPMENT
4.8 CLEANING
4.9 MATERIALS
4.10 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4.11 LUBRICANTS
5 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NITROGEN, ARGON, HELIUM AND CARBONDIOXIDE
5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
5.2 GENERAL
5.3 OXYGEN ENRICHMENT
5.4 LOCATION OF STORAGE VESSELS
5.5 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HELIUM
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Storage
5.5.3 Purging and precooling
5.6 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
6 OPERATIONAL AND PERSONNEL SAFETY
6.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
6.2 APPLICATION OF SECTION
6.3 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
6.3.1 Cleanliness
6.3.2 Embrittlement
6.3.3 Ventilation
6.3.4 Freezing
6.3.5 Control of entry
6.3.6 Clear access
6.3.7 Lighting
6.3.8 Safety information
6.3.9 Site upkeep
6.4 TRANSFER OPERATIONS
6.5 FILLING OPERATIONS
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Operating of valves
6.6 PERIODIC INSPECTION
6.7 SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR INSTALLATIONS AND THEIR MAINTENANCE
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Work permits
6.7.3 Hot work
6.7.4 Preparation of work site and plant
6.7.5 Completion of work and commissioning
6.8 OPERATION OF THE INSTALLATION
6.8.1 Authorized personnel
6.8.2 Operating instructions
6.8.3 Operating difficulty or emergency
6.8.4 Modification of equipment
6.9 PERSONNEL TRAINING
6.9.1 Job knowledge
6.9.2 Training
6.10 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
6.10.1 General
6.10.2 Clothing
6.10.3 Gloves
6.10.4 Face and eye protection
6.10.5 Footwear
6.10.6 Hearing protection
6.10.7 Care and maintenance of personal protective equipment
6.11 FIRST AID
6.11.1 First aid station
6.11.2 First aid procedures
7 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
7.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
7.2 PLANNING FOR EMERGENCIES
7.2.1 Considerations in designing premises
7.2.2 Emergency plan
7.2.2.1 General
7.2.2.2 On-site emergency plan
7.2.2.3 Off-site emergency plan
7.3 MANIFEST
7.4 PLACARDING
7.4.1 Placarding of stores
7.4.2 Safety information board
7.5 MANAGEMENT OF LEAKS AND SPILLS
8 FIRE PROTECTION
8.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
8.2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
8.3 FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Fire protection system
8.3.3 Design
8.3.4 Heat protection
8.3.5 Compatibility
8.3.6 Location
8.3.7 Weather protection
8.4 FIRE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
8.5 WATER SUPPLY AND FIRE WATER RETENTION
8.6 ACTION IN THE EVENT OF FIRE
9 DISPOSAL OF CRYOGENIC AND REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS
9.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
9.2 DISPOSAL
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
B1 PERSONAL CONTACT
B1.1 General
B1.2 Cold-contact burns
B1.3 Frostbite
B1.4 Suffocation (asphyxia)
B1.5 Lung disorders
B1.6 General body cooling (hypothermia)
B2 FIRE AND EXPLOSION
B2.1 General
B2.2 Oxygen hazard
B2.3 Nitrous oxide hazard
B3 MECHANICAL FAILURE
B3.1 General
B3.2 Pressure rupture
B3.3 Brittle failure
B3.4 Freezing
B3.5 Thermal contraction leakage
B4 BOILING AND SPLASHING
B5 MIST FORMATION
APPENDIX C
C1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
C2 RELATED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX D
D1 GENERAL
D2 DAMAGE AVOIDANCE
APPENDIX E
EI GENERAL
E2 VENTILATION
APPENDIX F
F1 GENERAL
F2 INFORMATION TO BE DISPLAYED
APPENDIX G
G1 GENERAL
G2 CRYOGENIC BURNS
G2.1 Hazards
G2.2 Application
G2.3 First aid for cryogenic burns
G2.4 Treatment by medical practitioner or hospital
G3 ASPHYXIA
G3.1 Symptoms
G3.1.1 Sudden asphyxia
G3.1.2 Gradual asphyxia
G3.2 First aid for asphyxia
APPENDIX H
H1 GENERAL
H2 ENTRY INTO VESSELS
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX J
J1 GENERAL
J2 PREPARATION OF EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
J3 GUIDELINES FOR EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
J4 LEAKS AND SPILLS
J5 FIRE
J5.1 General
J5.2 Oxygen and nitrous oxide
J5.3 Nitrogen, helium and argon, and carbon dioxide
J6 RESCUE FROM A GAS-AFFECTED AREA
J6.1 General
J6.2 Procedures
J6.3 Training
APPENDIX K
APPENDIX L
APPENDIX M
M1 GENERAL
M2 FIXED SYSTEMS
M2.1 Fixed fire protection and detection systems
M2.2 Fire alarm systems
M3 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
M3.1 General
M3.2 Special risks
M3.3 Maintenance
M3.4 Limitations
M4 HOSE REELS
M4.1 General
M4.2 Maintenance
M5 FIRE HYDRANTS
M5.1 General
M5.2 Maintenance
M6 MONITORS
M7 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Cited references in this standard
[Available Superseded]
Minimum design loads on structures (known as the SAA Loading Code), Part 2: Wind loads
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