Standard
Track updates
AS/NZS ISO 19156:2023
[Current]Geographic information - Observations, measurements and samples
AS/NZS ISO 19156:2023 identically adopts ISO 19156:2023, which specifies a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations.
Published: 15/09/2023
Pages: 146
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Document conventions
4.1 Abbreviated terms and acronyms
4.2 Schema language
4.3 Model element names
4.4 Requirements and recommendations
4.5 Requirements classes
4.6 Conformance classes
4.7 Identifiers
4.8 Associations in UML context diagrams
5 Conformance
5.1 Overview
5.2 Conformance classes
6 Packaging, requirements and dependencies
6.1 Requirements
6.2 UML
6.2.1 UML package structure
6.2.2 UML package dependencies
6.3 Note on the use of "Any"
7 Fundamental characteristics of observations and samples (informative)
7.1 Observation schema
7.1.1 Property evaluation
7.1.2 Observation
7.1.3 Properties of an Observation
7.1.4 Observation location
7.1.5 Result types
7.1.6 Use of the observation model
7.2 Sample schema
7.2.1 Role of sample features
7.2.2 Proximate vs. ultimate feature-of-interest
7.2.2.1 Introduction
7.2.2.2 Proximate feature-of-interest embodies a sample design
7.2.2.3 Observed property is a proxy
7.2.2.4 Combination
7.2.3 Role of samples
7.2.4 Sampling process
7.2.5 Classification of samples
7.3 Alignment between Observation, Sample and domain models
7.3.1 Model consistency
7.3.2 Relationship between Sample and domain features
8 Conceptual Observation schema
8.1 General
8.1.1 Conceptual Observation model
8.1.2 Conceptual Observation schema package Requirements Class
8.1.3 Association relatedObservation
8.2 Observation
8.2.1 Observation Requirements Class
8.2.2 Interface Observation
8.2.3 Attribute phenomenonTime
8.2.4 Attribute resultTime
8.2.5 Attribute validTime
8.2.6 Association featureOfInterest
8.2.7 Association observedProperty
8.2.8 Association result
8.2.9 Association observingProcedure
8.2.10 Association observer
8.2.11 Association host
8.2.12 Constraint Observer or Host
8.2.13 Constraint ObservableProperty characteristic associated with featureOfInterest
8.2.14 Constraint suitable ObservableProperty
8.2.15 Constraint suitable result type
8.2.16 Constraint unit of measure
8.3 ObservableProperty
8.3.1 ObservableProperty Requirements Class
8.3.2 Interface ObservableProperty
8.3.3 Association observer
8.4 Procedure
8.4.1 Procedure Requirements Class
8.4.2 Interface Procedure
8.5 ObservingProcedure
8.5.1 ObservingProcedure Requirements Class
8.5.2 Interface ObservingProcedure
8.5.3 Association observer
8.6 Observer
8.6.1 Observer Requirements Class
8.6.2 Interface Observer
8.6.3 Association observableProperty
8.6.4 Association observingProcedure
8.6.5 Association deployment
8.7 Host
8.7.1 Host Requirements Class
8.7.2 Interface Host
8.7.3 Association deployment
8.7.4 Association relatedHost
8.8 Deployment
8.8.1 Deployment Requirements Class
8.8.2 Interface Deployment
8.8.3 Association observer
8.8.4 Association host
9 Abstract Observation Core
9.1 General
9.1.1 Abstract Observation Core Package Requirements Class
9.1.2 Association metadata
9.2 AbstractObservationCharacteristics
9.2.1 AbstractObservationCharacteristics Requirements Class
9.2.2 Feature type AbstractObservationCharacteristics
9.2.3 Attribute observationType
9.2.4 Attribute parameter
9.2.5 Attribute resultQuality
9.2.6 Association proximateFeatureOfInterest
9.2.7 Association ultimateFeatureOfInterest
9.2.8 Association collection
9.3 AbstractObservation
9.3.1 AbstractObservation Requirements Class
9.3.2 Constraint observationType
9.3.3 Constraint resultTime instant
9.3.4 Constraint parameter unique name
9.3.5 Constraint proximate or ultimate featureOfInterest.
9.3.6 Constraint Observer or Host
9.3.7 Constraint ObservableProperty characteristic associated with featureOfInterest
9.3.8 Constraint suitable ObservableProperty
9.3.9 Constraint suitable result type
9.4 AbstractObservableProperty
9.4.1 AbstractObservableProperty Requirements Class
9.5 AbstractObservingProcedure
9.5.1 AbstractObservingProcedure Requirements Class
9.6 AbstractObserver
9.6.1 AbstractObserver Requirements Class
9.7 AbstractHost
9.7.1 AbstractHost Requirements Class
9.8 AbstractDeployment
9.8.1 AbstractDeployment Requirements Class
9.8.2 Attribute deploymentReason
9.8.3 Attribute deploymentTime
9.9 AbstractObservationCollection
9.9.1 AbstractObservationCollection Requirements Class
9.9.2 Feature type AbstractObservationCollection
9.9.3 Attribute collectionType
9.9.4 Association member
9.9.5 Association memberCharacteristics
9.9.6 Association relatedCollection
9.10 NamedValue
9.10.1 NamedValue Requirements Class
9.10.2 Data type NamedValue
9.10.3 Attribute name
9.10.4 Attribute value
9.11 Codelists
9.11.1 AbstractObservationType
9.11.2 AbstractObservationCollectionType
10 Basic Observations
10.1 General
10.1.1 Basic Observations Package Requirements Class
10.1.2 Attribute link
10.1.3 Attribute location
10.2 Observation
10.2.1 Observation Requirements Class
10.3 ObservationCharacteristics
10.3.1 ObservationCharacteristics Requirements Class
10.4 ObservationCollection
10.4.1 ObservationCollection Requirements Class
10.5 ObservingCapability
10.5.1 ObservingCapability Requirements Class
10.5.2 Feature type ObservingCapability
10.6 ObservableProperty
10.6.1 ObservableProperty Requirements Class
10.7 ObservingProcedure
10.7.1 ObservingProcedure Requirements Class
10.8 Observer
10.8.1 Observer Requirements Class
10.9 Host
10.9.1 Host Requirements Class
10.10 Deployment
10.10.1 Deployment Requirements Class
10.11 GenericDomainFeature
10.11.1 GenericDomainFeature Requirements Class
10.11.2 Feature type GenericDomainFeature
10.12 Codelists
10.12.1 ObservationCollectionType
10.12.2 ObservationTypeByResultType
11 Conceptual Sample schema
11.1 General
11.1.1 Conceptual Sample schema model
11.1.2 Conceptual Sample Schema package Requirements Class
11.2 Sample
11.2.1 Sample Requirements Class
11.2.2 Interface Sample
11.2.3 Association sampling
11.2.4 Association preparationStep
11.2.5 Association sampledFeature
11.2.6 Association relatedSample
11.3 Sampling
11.3.1 Sampling Requirements Class
11.3.2 Interface Sampling
11.3.3 Association sample
11.3.4 Association featureOfInterest
11.3.5 Association sampler
11.3.6 Association samplingProcedure
11.3.7 Association relatedSampling
11.4 Sampler
11.4.1 Sampler Requirements Class
11.4.2 Interface Sampler
11.4.3 Association sampling
11.4.4 Association implementedProcedure
11.5 PreparationStep
11.5.1 PreparationStep Requirements Class
11.5.2 Interface PreparationStep
11.5.3 Association processingDetails
11.5.4 Association preparedSample
11.6 PreparationProcedure
11.6.1 PreparationProcedure Requirements Class
11.6.2 Interface PreparationProcedure
11.6.3 Association samplePreparationStep
11.7 SamplingProcedure
11.7.1 SamplingProcedure Requirements Class
11.7.2 Interface SamplingProcedure
11.7.3 Association sampling
11.7.4 Association sampler
12 Abstract Sample Core
12.1 General
12.1.1 Abstract Sample Core Package Requirements
12.2 AbstractSample
12.2.1 AbstractSample Requirements Class
12.2.2 Attribute sampleType
12.2.3 Attribute parameter
12.3 AbstractSampling
12.3.1 AbstractSampling Requirements Class
12.3.2 Attribute samplingLocation
12.3.3 Attribute time
12.3.4 Attribute parameter
12.4 AbstractSampler
12.4.1 AbstractSampler Requirements Class
12.4.2 Attribute samplerType
12.5 AbstractSamplingProcedure
12.5.1 AbstractSamplingProcedure Requirements Class
12.6 AbstractPreparationProcedure
12.6.1 AbstractPreparationProcedure Requirements Class
12.7 AbstractPreparationStep
12.7.1 AbstractPreparationStep Requirements Class
12.7.2 Attribute description
12.7.3 Attribute time
12.8 Codelists
12.8.1 AbstractSampleType
12.8.2 AbstractSamplerType
13 Basic Samples
13.1 General
13.1.1 Basic Samples Package Requirements Class
13.2 Sample
13.2.1 Sample Requirements Class
13.3 SpatialSample
13.3.1 SpatialSample Requirements Class
13.3.2 Feature type SpatialSample
13.3.3 Attribute shape
13.3.4 Attribute horizontalPositionalAccuracy
13.3.5 Attribute verticalPositionalAccuracy
13.4 MaterialSample
13.4.1 MaterialSample Requirements Class
13.4.2 Feature type MaterialSample
13.4.3 Attribute size
13.4.4 Attribute storageLocation
13.4.5 Attribute sourceLocation
13.5 StatisticalSample
13.5.1 StatisticalSample Requirements Class
13.5.2 Feature type StatisticalSample
13.5.3 Attribute classification
13.6 Sampling
13.6.1 Sampling Requirements Class
13.7 Sampler
13.7.1 Sampler Requirements Class
13.8 SamplingProcedure
13.8.1 SamplingProcedure Requirements Class
13.9 PreparationProcedure
13.9.1 PreparationProcedure Requirements Class
13.10 PreparationStep
13.10.1 PreparationStep Requirements Class
13.11 SampleCollection
13.11.1 SampleCollection Requirements Class
13.11.2 Feature type SampleCollection
13.11.3 Association member
13.11.4 Association relatedCollection
13.12 PhysicalDimension
13.12.1 PhysicalDimension Requirements Class
13.12.2 Data type PhysicalDimension
13.12.3 Attribute dimension
13.12.4 Attribute value
13.13 NamedLocation
13.13.1 NamedLocation Requirements Class
13.13.2 Data type NamedLocation
13.13.3 Attribute address
13.13.4 Attribute name
13.13.5 Attribute representativeGeometry
13.14 StatisticalClassification
13.14.1 StatisticalClassification Requirements Class
13.14.2 Data type StatisticalClassification
13.14.3 Attribute concept
13.14.4 Attribute classification
13.15 Codelists
13.15.1 SampleTypeByGeometryType
Annex A
A.1 Abstract tests for Conceptual Observation schema package
A.1.1 Conceptual Observation schema package
A.1.2 Conceptual Observation – Deployment
A.1.3 Conceptual Observation – Host
A.1.4 Conceptual Observation – ObservableProperty
A.1.5 Conceptual Observation – Observation
A.1.6 Conceptual Observation – Observer
A.1.7 Conceptual Observation – ObservingProcedure
A.1.8 Conceptual Observation – Procedure
A.2 Abstract tests for Abstract Observation Core package
A.2.1 Abstract Observation Core package
A.2.2 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractDeployment
A.2.3 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractHost
A.2.4 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractObservableProperty
A.2.5 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractObservation
A.2.6 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractObservationCharacteristics
A.2.7 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractObserver
A.2.8 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractObservingProcedure
A.2.9 Abstract Observation Core – NamedValue
A.2.10 Abstract Observation Core – AbstractObservationCollection
A.3 Abstract tests for Basic Observations package
A.3.1 Basic Observations package
A.3.2 Basic Observations – Deployment
A.3.3 Basic Observations – GenericDomainFeature
A.3.4 Basic Observations – Host
A.3.5 Basic Observations – ObservableProperty
A.3.6 Basic Observations – Observation
A.3.7 Basic Observations – ObservationCharacteristics
A.3.8 Basic Observations – ObservationCollection
A.3.9 Basic Observations – Observer
A.3.10 Basic Observations – ObservingCapability
A.3.11 Basic Observations – ObservingProcedure
A.4 Abstract tests for Conceptual Sample schema package
A.4.1 Conceptual Sample schema package
A.4.2 Conceptual Sample – PreparationProcedure
A.4.3 Conceptual Sample – PreparationStep
A.4.4 Conceptual Sample – Sample
A.4.5 Conceptual Sample – Sampler
A.4.6 Conceptual Sample – Sampling
A.4.7 Conceptual Sample – SamplingProcedure
A.5 Abstract tests for Abstract Sample Core package
A.5.1 Abstract Sample Core package
A.5.2 Abstract Sample Core – AbstractPreparationProcedure
A.5.3 Abstract Sample Core – AbstractPreparationStep
A.5.4 Abstract Sample Core – AbstractSample
A.5.5 Abstract Sample Core – AbstractSampler
A.5.6 Abstract Sample Core – AbstractSampling
A.5.7 Abstract Sample Core – AbstractSamplingProcedure
A.6 Abstract tests for Basic Samples package
A.6.1 Basic Samples package
A.6.2 Basic Samples – MaterialSample
A.6.3 Basic Samples – NamedLocation
A.6.4 Basic Samples – PhysicalDimension
A.6.5 Basic Samples – Sample
A.6.6 Basic Samples – SampleCollection
A.6.7 Basic Samples – Sampler
A.6.8 Basic Samples – Sampling
A.6.9 Basic Samples – SpatialSample
A.6.10 Basic Samples – StatisticalClassification
A.6.11 Basic Samples – StatisticalSample
Annex B
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Earth observations (EO)
B.3 Metrology
B.4 Earth science simulations
B.5 Assay/Chemistry
B.6 Geology field observations
B.7 Geotechnics observations
B.8 Water quality observations
B.9 Soil quality observations
Annex C
C.1 General
C.2 Package and requirements class structure
C.3 Interfaces in the conceptual schema packages
C.4 Realizations of the conceptual schemas as abstract and concrete feature type classes
C.5 Modelling of the Observation concept
C.5.1 OM_Observation in ISO 19156:2011
C.5.2 Observation in ISO 19156:2023
C.5.3 Migration from OM_Observation to Observation
C.6 Modelling of the Sample and Sampling concepts
C.6.1 SF_SamplingFeature, SF_Specimen SF_SpatialSamplingFeature and in ISO 19156:2011
C.6.2 Sample, SpatialSample, MaterialSample and StatisticalSample in ISO 19156:2023
C.6.3 Modelling of environmental monitoring stations
C.6.4 Migration from SF_SamplingFeature to Sample
C.6.5 Migration from SF_SpatialSamplingFeature to SpatialSample
C.6.6 Migration from SF_Specimen to MaterialSample
C.7 Observation and Sample collections
C.8 Hard-typing vs. soft-typing and codelist use
C.8.1 Migration of result-type-based Observation types
C.8.2 Migration of geometry-based sampling feature types
C.9 Generic metadata associations
C.10 Discarded concepts
Annex D
D.1 Features, Coverages and Observations — Different views of information
D.2 Observation concerns
D.2.1 Domain specialization
D.2.2 Comparison with provider-oriented models
D.2.3 Observation discovery and use
D.2.4 Observations, interpretations, simulations
D.3 Sample, Sampling concerns
D.3.1 Sample as observation-collector
D.3.2 Observation feature(s)-of-interest
D.3.3 Processing chains and intermediate features-of-interest
D.4 Observations and Coverages
Annex E
E.1 General
E.2 Abstract Observation Core — Overview
E.3 Basic Observations — Overview
E.4 Abstract Sample Core — Overview
E.5 Basic Samples — Overview
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
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