Standard
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AS/NZS ISO 19156:2012
[Superseded]Geographic information — Observations and measurement
Adopts ISO 19156:2011 to define a conceptual schema for observations, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities.
Published: 30/11/2012
Pages: 46
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 Overview
2.2 Conformance classes related to Application Schemas including Observations and Measurements
3 Normative references
4 Terms and definitions
5 Abbreviated terms and notation
5.1 Abbreviated terms
5.2 Schema language
5.3 Model element names
6 Dependencies
7 Fundamental characteristics of observations
7.1 The context for observations
7.1.1 Property evaluation
7.1.2 Observation
7.1.3 Observation properties
7.1.4 Observation location
7.1.5 Result types
7.1.6 Measurements
7.2 Observation schema
7.2.1 Packaging
7.2.2 OM_Observation
7.2.2.1 General
7.2.2.2 phenomenonTime
7.2.2.3 resultTime
7.2.2.4 validTime
7.2.2.5 parameter
7.2.2.6 resultQuality
7.2.2.7 Domain
7.2.2.8 Phenomenon
7.2.2.9 Range
7.2.2.10 ProcessUsed
7.2.2.11 Metadata
7.2.2.12 Constraints — Consistency with domain model
7.2.3 OM_Process
7.2.4 ObservationContext
7.2.4.1 General
7.2.4.2 role
7.2.5 NamedValue
7.2.5.1 General
7.2.5.2 name
7.2.5.3 value
7.3 Use of the observation model
8 Specialized observations
8.1 Classification of observation by result type
8.2 Observations whose result is constant
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Taxonomy of observation types whose result is constant
8.3 Observations whose result varies
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Taxonomy of coverage observation types
9 Fundamental characteristics of sampling features
9.1 The context for sampling
9.1.1 Proximate vs. ultimate feature-of-interest
9.1.1.1 Introduction
9.1.1.2 Proximate feature-of-interest embodies a sample design
9.1.1.3 Observed property is a proxy
9.1.1.4 Combination
9.1.2 Role of sampling features
9.1.3 Classification of sampling features
9.2 Sampling Schema
9.2.1 Packaging
9.2.2 SF_SamplingFeature
9.2.2.1 General
9.2.2.2 parameter
9.2.2.3 lineage
9.2.2.4 Intention
9.2.2.5 Design
9.2.2.6 Constraint
9.2.3 SamplingFeatureComplex
9.2.3.1 General
9.2.3.2 role
9.2.4 SF_SamplingFeatureCollection
9.2.4.1 General
9.2.4.2 Collection
10 Spatial sampling features
10.1 The context for spatial sampling features
10.2 Spatial sampling feature schema
10.2.1 SF_SpatialSamplingFeature
10.2.1.1 General
10.2.1.2 positionalAccuracy
10.2.1.3 Geometry
10.2.1.4 Platform
10.2.2 Taxonomy of spatial sampling features
10.3 Decomposition of extensive sampling features for observations
10.4 Common names for sampling features (informative)
11 Specimens
11.1 The context for specimens
11.2 Specimen schema
11.2.1 SF_Specimen
11.2.1.1 General
11.2.1.2 materialClass
11.2.1.3 samplingTime
11.2.1.4 samplingLocation
11.2.1.5 samplingMethod
11.2.1.6 currentLocation
11.2.1.7 specimenType
11.2.1.8 size
11.2.2 PreparationStep
11.2.2.1 General
11.2.2.2 time
11.2.2.3 processOperator
11.2.3 SF_Process
11.2.4 Location
11.2.4.1 General
11.2.4.2 geometryLocation
11.2.4.3 nameLocation
Annex A
A.1 Abstract tests for observation interchange
A.1.1 Observation interchange
A.1.2 Measurement interchange
A.1.3 Category observation interchange
A.1.4 Count observation interchange
A.1.5 Truth observation interchange
A.1.6 Temporal observation interchange
A.1.7 Geometry observation interchange
A.1.8 Complex observation interchange
A.1.9 Discrete coverage observation interchange
A.1.10 Point coverage observation interchange
A.1.11 Time series observation interchange
A.2 Abstract tests for sampling feature interchange
A.2.1 Sampling feature interchange
A.2.2 Sampling feature collection interchange
A.2.3 Spatial sampling feature interchange
A.2.4 Sampling point interchange
A.2.5 Sampling curve interchange
A.2.6 Sampling surface interchange
A.2.7 Sampling solid interchange
A.2.8 Specimen interchange
Annex B
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Mappings
B.2.1 Earth observations
B.2.2 Metrology
B.2.3 Earth science simulations
B.2.4 Assay/Chemistry
B.2.5 Field observations in geology
Annex C
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Extension to General Feature Model
C.2.1 GFI_Feature
C.3 Extensions to Coverage schema
C.3.1 CVT_DiscreteTimeInstantCoverage
C.3.1.1 General
C.3.1.2 CoverageFunction
C.3.2 CVT_TimeInstantValuePair
C.3.2.1 General
C.3.2.2 geometry
Annex D
D.1 Features, coverages and observations — Different views of information
D.2 Observation concerns
D.2.1 Domain specialization
D.2.2 Comparison with provider-oriented models
D.2.3 Observation discovery and use
D.2.4 Observations vs. Interpretations
D.3 Sampling concerns
D.3.1 Sampling feature acts as observation-collector
D.3.2 Observation feature-of-interest
D.3.3 Processing chains and intermediate features-of-interest
D.3.4 Consistency constraints for sampling coverage observations
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
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