Standard
UPDATE AVAILABLE
AS/NZS ISO 19144.2:2012
[Superseded]Adopts ISO 19144-2:2012 to specify a Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different land cover classification systems to be described based on the physiognomic aspects.
Published: 30/11/2012
Pages: 108
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 Classes
2.2 Conformance of a land cover classification system
2.3 Conformance of a register for the extension of the metalanguage
2.4 Conformance of a comparison process of land cover classification systems
3 Normative references
4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
4.1 Terms and definitions
4.2 Abbreviations
5 Notation
6 Context
7 Conceptual basis
7.1 Definition adopted for land cover
7.2 LCML approach to class definition
7.2.1 LCML basic principle
7.2.2 Land cover classification system design criteria
7.2.3 General rules for classification
7.2.4 Land cover metalanguage-elements
7.2.5 Layering
7.2.6 Packages
8 LCML objects
8.1 Introduction to LCML objects
8.2 Relation to ISO 19144-1 Classification system structure
8.3 Composition of a LC_LandCover object
8.4 Elements of the LCML metamodel
8.5 High level structure
8.5.1 High level structure subtypes
8.5.2 High level structure classes
8.5.2.1 LC_LandCoverClassificationSystemMetaLanguage
8.5.2.2 LC_LandCoverClassificationSystem
8.5.2.3 LC_LandCoverDescriptor
8.5.2.4 LC_LandCoverClass
8.6 Land Cover Meta Language object structure
8.6.1 Land Cover Meta Language object structure subtypes
8.6.2 Land Cover Meta Language object structure classes
8.6.2.1 LC_LandCoverDescriptor
8.6.2.2 LC_HorizontalPattern
8.6.2.3 LC_Stratum
8.6.2.4 LC_InterStrataRelationship
8.6.2.5 LC_Element
8.6.2.6 LC_ElementRelationInSameStratum
8.6.2.7 LC_StratumPresenceType
8.6.2.8 LC_ElementPresenceType
8.6.2.9 LC_SequentialTemporalRelationshipType
8.6.2.10 LC_OnTopType
8.7 LC_Element
8.7.1 LC_Element subtypes
8.7.2 LC_Element classes
8.7.2.1 LC_VegetationElement
8.7.2.2 LC_AbioticElement
8.8 LC_VegetationElement
8.8.1 LC_VegetationElement subtypes
8.8.2 LC_VegetationElement classes
8.8.2.1 LC_GrowthForm
8.8.2.2 LC_GrowthFormCharacteristic
8.9 LC_GrowthForm
8.9.1 LC_GrowthForm subtypes
8.9.2 LC_GrowthForm classes
8.9.2.1 LC_WoodyGrowthForm
8.9.2.2 LC_HerbaceousGrowthForm
8.9.2.3 LC_LichenAndMoss
8.9.2.4 LC_Algae
8.9.2.5 LC_AlgaeStatus
8.10 LC_WoodyGrowthForm
8.10.1 LC_WoodyGrowthForm subtypes
8.10.2 LC_WoodyGrowthForm classes
8.10.2.1 LC_Tree
8.10.2.2 LC_Shrub
8.10.2.3 LC_WoodyLeafType
8.10.2.4 LC_BroadLeaf
8.10.2.5 LC_NeedleLeaf
8.10.2.6 LC_Aphillious
8.10.2.7 LC_WoodyGrowthLeafType
8.10.2.8 LC_WoodyLeafPhenology
8.10.2.9 LC_Evergreen
8.10.2.10 LC_Deciduous
8.10.2.11 LC_WoodyGrowthLeafPhenology
8.10.2.12 LC_BroadLeafShape Type
8.11 LC_HerbaceousGrowthForm
8.11.1 LC_HerbaceousGrowthForm subtypes
8.11.2 LC_HerbaceousGrowthForm classes
8.11.2.1 LC_Gramineae
8.11.2.2 LC_Forbs
8.11.2.3 LC_HerbaceousLeafPhenology
8.11.2.4 LC_Annual
8.11.2.5 LC_Biennial
8.11.2.6 LC_Perennial
8.11.2.7 LC_ForbsLeafStatus
8.11.2.8 LC_ForbsLeafType
8.12 LC_LichenAndMoss
8.12.1 LC_LichenAndMoss subtypes
8.12.2 LC_LichenAndMoss classes
8.12.2.1 LC_Lichen
8.12.2.2 LC_Moss
8.13 LC_AbioticElement
8.13.1 LC_AbioticElement subtypes
8.13.2 LC_AbioticElement classes
8.13.2.1 LC_ArtificialSurfaceElement
8.13.2.2 LC_NaturalSurfaceElement
8.13.2.3 LC_WaterBodyAndAssociatedSurfaceElement
8.14 LC_ArtificialSurfaceElement
8.14.1 LC_ArtificialSurfaceElement subtypes
8.14.2 LC_ArtificialSurface classes
8.14.2.1 LC_BuiltUpSurface
8.14.2.2 LC_NonBuiltUpSurface
8.14.2.3 LC_ArtificialSurfaceCharacteristic
8.15 LC_NaturalSurfaceElement
8.15.1 LC_NaturalSurfaceElement subtypes
8.15.2 LC_NaturalSurfaceElement classes
8.15.2.1 LC_RocksSurfaceElement
8.15.2.2 LC_SoilSandDepositsSurfaceElement
8.16 LC_WaterBodyAndAssociatedSurfaceElement
8.16.1 LC_WaterBodyAndAssociatedSurfaceElement subtypes
8.16.2 LC_WaterBodyAndAssociatedSurfaceElement classes
8.16.2.1 LC_WaterBody
8.16.2.2 LC_Snow
8.16.2.3 LC_Ice
8.16.2.4 LC_Permafrost
8.16.2.5 LC_TerrestrialIce
8.16.2.6 LC_FloatingIce
8.16.2.7 LC_IceDynamics
8.16.2.8 LC_WaterBodyDynamics
8.16.2.9 LC_WaterBodyPositions
8.16.2.10 LC_PermafrostType
8.16.2.11 LC_PeriodicVariation
8.16.2.12 LC_PeriodicVariationType
8.16.2.13 LC_WaterAndAssociatedSurfacesCharacteristic
8.17 LC_BuiltUpSurface
8.17.1 LC_BuiltUpSurface subtypes
8.17.2 LC_BuiltUpSurface classes
8.17.2.1 LC_LinearSurface
8.17.2.2 LC_NonLinearSurface
8.17.2.3 LC_Road
8.17.2.4 LC_Railway
8.17.2.5 LC_CommunicationsAndOther
8.17.2.6 LC_Building
8.17.2.7 LC_OtherConstruction
8.17.2.8 LC_OtherArtificialSurface
8.17.2.9 LC_RoadType
8.17.2.10 LC_RailwayType
8.17.2.11 LC_CommunicationsAndOtherType
8.17.2.12 LC_ConstructionMaterial
8.18 LC_NonBuiltUpSurface
8.18.1 LC_NonBuiltUpSurface subtypes
8.18.2 LC_NonBuiltUpSurface classes
8.18.2.1 LC_DumpSite
8.18.2.2 LC_Extraction
8.18.2.3 LC_DumpSiteType
8.18.2.4 LC_ExtractionType
8.19 LC_RocksSurfaceElement
8.19.1 LC_RocksSurface subtypes
8.19.2 LC_RocksSurfaceElement classes
8.19.2.1 LC_BareRock
8.19.2.2 LC_Hardpan
8.19.2.3 LC_HardpanType
8.20 LC_SoilSandDepositsSurfaceElement
8.20.1 LC_SoilSandDepositsSurfaceElement subtypes
8.20.2 LC_SoilSandDepositsSurfaceElement classes
8.20.2.1 LC_CoarseMineralFragments
8.20.2.2 LC_BareSoil
8.20.2.3 LC_LooseAndShiftingSand
8.20.2.4 LC_Deposits
8.20.2.5 LC_Dune
8.20.2.6 LC_OrganicDeposits
8.20.2.7 LC_InorganicDeposits
8.20.2.8 LC_CoarseMineralFragmentType
8.20.2.9 LC_MacropatternType
8.20.2.10 LC_DuneType
8.20.2.11 LC_InorganicDepositType
8.20.2.12 LC_OrganicDepositType
8.20.2.13 LC_PeatType
8.21 LC_ClassCharacteristic
8.21.1 LC_ClassCharacteristic subtypes
8.21.2 LC_ClassCharacteristic classes
8.21.2.1 LC_Climate
8.21.2.2 LC_LandForm
8.21.2.3 LC_GeographicalAspects
8.21.2.4 LC_TopographicalAspects
8.21.2.5 LC_SurfaceCharacteristic
8.21.2.6 LC_RocksSurfaceCharacteristic
8.21.2.7 LC_SoilSandDepositsSurfaceCharacteristic
8.21.2.8 LC_LandformType
8.21.2.9 LC_GeoType
8.21.2.10 LC_SlopeExposition
8.21.2.11 LC_RockType
8.21.2.12 LC_RockAgeType
8.21.2.13 LC_SoilType
8.21.2.14 LC_ErosionType
8.21.2.15 LC_SedimentationType
8.22 LC_LandCoverElementCharacteristic
8.22.1 LC_LandCoverElementCharacteristic subtypes
8.22.2 LC_LandCoverElementCharacteristic classes
8.22.2.1 LC_GrowthFormCharacteristic
8.22.2.2 LC_ArtificialSurfaceCharacteristic
8.22.2.3 LC_NaturalSurfaceCharacteristic
8.22.2.4 LC_WaterAndAssociatedSurfaceCharacteristic
8.23 LC_GrowthFormCharacteristic
8.23.1 LC_GrowthFormCharacteristic subtypes
8.23.2 LC_GrowthFormCharacteristic classes
8.23.2.1 LC_FloristicAspects
8.23.2.2 LC_AllometricMeasurements
8.23.2.3 LC_GrowthFormAge
8.23.2.4 LC_EvenAge
8.23.2.5 LC_UnevenAge
8.23.2.6 LC_TreeAreaManagementPractices
8.23.2.7 LC_BurntStatus
8.23.2.8 LC_DeadStatus
8.23.2.9 LC_WaterStress
8.23.2.10 LC_VegetationDamage
8.23.2.11 LC_GrowthFormIllness
8.23.2.12 LC_Grazing
8.23.2.13 LC_Mowing
8.23.2.14 LC_VegetationArtificiality
8.23.2.15 LC_NaturalOrSeminaturalVegetation
8.23.2.16 LC_CultivatedAndManagedVegetation
8.23.2.17 LC_SpeciesName
8.23.2.18 LC_TreeAreaManagementPracticesType
8.23.2.19 LC_VegetationDamageType
8.23.2.20 LC_GrowthFormIllnessType
8.23.2.21 LC_GrazingAnimalType
8.24 LC_NameAttributionCriteria
8.24.1 LC_NameAttributionCriteria subtypes
8.24.2 LC_NameAttributionCriteria classes
8.24.2.1 LC_SinglePlantSpecies
8.24.2.2 LC_GroupOfPlantSpecies
8.24.2.3 LC_SinglePlantSpeciesType
8.24.2.4 LC_GroupOfPlantSpeciesType
8.25 LC_CultivatedAndManagedVegetation
8.25.1 LC_CultivatedAndManagedVegetation subtypes
8.25.2 LC_CultivatedAndManagedVegetation classes
8.25.2.1 LC_UrbanPark
8.25.2.2 LC_CropYield
8.25.2.3 LC_Plantation
8.25.2.4 LC_ForestPlantation
8.25.2.5 LC_OrchardAndOtherPlantation
8.25.2.6 LC_CropGrowingParameter
8.25.2.7 LC_OverlapGrowingToReferenceCrop
8.25.2.8 LC_PlantSpreadingGeometry
8.25.2.9 LC_WaterSupplyPeriod
8.25.2.10 LC_FieldSize
8.25.2.11 LC_MechanicalErosionControl
8.25.2.12 LC_PestControl
8.25.2.13 LC_CropFertilization
8.25.2.14 LC_Ploughing
8.25.2.15 LC_PlantSpreadingGeometryType
8.25.2.16 LC_IrrigationType
8.25.2.17 LC_MechanicalErosionControlType
8.25.2.18 LC_PestControlType
8.25.2.19 LC_CropFertilizationType
8.25.2.20 LC_PloughingType
8.26 LC_ArtificialSurfaceCharacteristic
8.26.1 LC_ArtificialSurfaceCharacteristic subtypes
8.26.2 LC_ArtificialSurfaceCharacteristic classes
8.26.2.1 LC_ConstructionStatus
8.26.2.2 LC_Use
8.26.2.3 LC_ArtificialSurfaceDamage
8.26.2.4 LC_ArtificialDamageType
8.26.2.5 LC_ConstructionStatusType
8.27 LC_WaterAndAssociatedSurfaceCharacteristic
8.27.1 LC_WaterAndAssociatedSurfaceCharacteristic subtypes
8.27.2 LC_WaterAndAssociatedSurfaceCharacteristic classes
8.27.2.1 LC_Aquaculture
8.27.2.2 LC_Artificiality
8.27.2.3 LC_WaterSalinity
8.27.2.4 LC_SnowCategory
8.27.2.5 LC_IceCategory
8.27.2.6 LC_WaterChemistry
8.27.2.7 LC_AquacultureType
8.27.2.8 LC_ArtificialityType
8.27.2.9 LC_WaterSalinityType
8.27.2.10 LC_SnowType
8.27.2.11 LC_IceType
8.27.2.12 LC_NutrientLevel
8.28 LC_ValueObject permitted numeric values
8.28.1 LC_ValueObject general description
8.28.2 LC_ValueObject types
8.28.2.1 LC_ValueObject
8.28.2.2 Number
8.28.2.3 LC_PermittedRealValueType
8.28.2.4 LC_PermittedRealValue
8.28.2.5 LC_PermittedPosRealValue
8.28.2.6 LC_PermittedPosRealRange
8.28.2.7 LC_PermittedPercentageValueType
8.28.2.8 LC_PermittedPercentageValue
8.28.2.9 LC_PermittedPercentageRange
8.28.2.10 LC_PermittedIntegerValueType
8.28.2.11 LC_PermittedPosIntegerValue
8.28.2.12 LC_PermittedPosIntegerRange
9 Extension of the LCML
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Backward compatibility
9.3 LCML register structure
9.3.1 Elements of the registers
9.3.2 Register schema
9.3.3 LCML register
9.3.3.1 LC_LCMLRegister
9.3.3.2 name
9.3.3.3 contentSummary
9.3.4 Registered Items
9.3.4.1 Registered Item
9.3.4.2 name
9.3.4.3 metalanguageObjectDescription
9.3.4.4 metalanguageObjectAttributes
9.3.4.5 referenceToParentClass
9.3.4.6 referenceToSupersededClass
9.3.5 Item classes
9.3.5.1 LCML item classes
9.3.5.2 LC_ClassCharacteristicDescriptorClass
9.3.5.3 LC_ElementCharacteristicDescriptorClass
9.3.5.4 LC_ElementDescriptorClass
Annex A
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Conformance of a land cover classification system
A.3 Conformance of a register for the extension of the metalanguage
A.3.1 Register content
A.3.2 Test case for uniqueness of registered metaclass names
A.3.3 Test case for backward compatibility
A.4 Conformance of a comparison process of two land cover classification systems
Annex B
Annex C
C.1 Descriptive examples
C.2 Example 1 — Example of a horizontal pattern for Tiger Bush
C.3 Example 2 — Vegetation in three strata in a Tree and Shrub Savannah
C.4 Example 3 — Vegetation in one stratum — Herbs and Dwarf Shrubs
C.5 Example 4 — Boulders with Moss in a Grassland
C.6 Example 5 — Mixed Elements in two strata for a Mangrove Swamp
C.7 Example 6 — Building with Roof Garden
C.8 Example 7 — Boreal and Hemi-boreal Forest
C.9 Example 8 — Vegetation in multiple strata for a Hagemarklandscape
C.10 Example 9 — Bare Field planted with Wheat Same Year
C.11 Example 10 — Greenhouse
C.12 Example 11 — Example CORINE class 311 Broad-leaved Forests
C.13 Example 12 — Example CORINE class 111 Continuous Urban Area (s)
C.14 Example 13 — Example CORINE class 244 Agro-Forestry Area (s)
C.15 Example 14 — Example Evergreen Forest Land (Anderson)
C.16 Example 15 — Example Herbaceous with Sparse Tree/Shrub (Global Map)
Annex D
D.1 Glossary introduction
D.2 Vegetation
D.2.1 Growth Forms
D.2.2 Height
D.2.3 Cover
D.2.4 Growth Form types
D.2.5 Woody
D.2.6 Trees
D.2.7 Shrubs
D.2.8 Leaf Phenology properties for Woody Growth Forms
D.2.8.1 Leaf phenology
D.2.8.2 Evergreen
D.2.8.3 Deciduous
D.2.9 Leaf Type properties for Woody Growth Forms
D.2.9.1 Leaf type
D.2.9.2 Broadleaf
D.2.9.3 Needleleaf
D.2.9.4 Aphyllous
D.2.9.5 Broadleaf properties
D.2.10 Leaf Arrangement
D.2.11 Broad Leaf shape
D.2.12 Broadleaf venation
D.2.13 Herbaceous
D.2.13.1 Herbaceous general
D.2.13.2 Herbaceous leaf phenology properties
D.2.14 Forbs
D.2.14.1 Forbs general
D.2.14.2 Forbs status
D.2.15 Graminoids
D.2.16 Lichens/Mosses
D.2.16.1 Lichens
D.2.16.2 Mosses
D.2.17 Algae (sing. alga)
D.3 Characteristics for Growth Forms
D.3.1 Characteristics general
D.3.2 Floristic aspect type
D.3.3 Allometric measurements
D.3.4 Growth form age
D.3.5 Burnt status
D.3.6 Dead status
D.3.7 Water stress
D.3.8 Growth form illness
D.3.9 Grazing
D.4 Natural and semi-natural vegetation
D.5 Cultivated and managed vegetation
D.5.1 Cultivated and managed vegetation general
D.5.2 Urban Park
D.5.3 Plantation
D.5.4 Crop yield
D.5.5 Crop growing parameters
D.5.6 Plant spreading geometry type
D.5.7 Water supply period
D.5.8 Field size
D.5.9 Mechanical erosion control
D.5.10 Pest control
D.5.11 Crop fertilization
D.5.12 Ploughing
D.6 Artificial Surfaces and associated areas
D.6.1 Surface aspect
D.6.2 Built up surface
D.6.3 Linear
D.6.4 Roads
D.6.5 Railways
D.6.6 Communication and other types
D.6.7 Nonlinear surface
D.6.8 Non-built up DumpSite
D.7 Abiotic Natural Surface
D.7.1 Abiotic Natural Surface general
D.7.2 Bare rock
D.7.3 Hardpans
D.7.4 Ironpan/Laterite
D.7.5 Petrocalcic
D.7.6 Petrogypsic
D.7.7 Bare soil
D.7.8 Loose and shifting sand
D.7.9 Coarse fragments
D.7.10 Gravel, stones and boulders
D.7.11 Deposits
D.7.12 Peat
D.7.13 Minerotrophic
D.7.14 Ombrotrophic
D.8 Macropattern
D.8.1 Macropattern general
D.8.2 Macropattern sand
D.8.3 Macropattern soil
D.9 Water Body and associated surface
D.9.1 Water Body and associated surface general
D.9.2 Water
D.9.3 Snow
D.9.4 Ice
D.9.5 Water nutrient level
D.10 Artificial Surface characteristics
D.10.1 Construction status
D.10.2 Construction use
D.11 Water and associated surface characteristics
D.11.1 Salinity
D.11.2 Artificiality
D.12 Land Cover class characteristics
D.12.1 Climate
D.12.2 Topographical aspects
D.12.3 Surface characteristics
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard