Standard
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AS 3961:2017
[Current]The storage and handling of liquefied natural gas
Specifies requirements for the design, construction and operation of installations for the storage and handling of liquefied natural gas (LNG), covering installations of atmospheric-type tanks for supplying marine terminals, pipeline peak saving, and pressure tanks.
Published: 13/03/2017
Pages: 56
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope and application
1.1.1 Scope
1.1.2 Application
1.1.3 Where this Standard does not apply
1.2 Referenced documents
1.3 Definitions
2 General installation requirements
2.1 Scope of section
2.2 Tanks
2.2.1 General tank design
2.2.2 Tank data plate
2.3 Pressure and vacuum relief
2.3.1 Relief devices for tanks
2.3.2 Other equipment including vacuum jackets
2.3.3 Discharge from relief devices
2.4 Gauges and controls
2.4.1 Reserve instrumentation
2.4.2 General failsafe requirement
2.4.3 Vacuum jacket gauges
2.4.4 Leak detection
2.5 Plant emergency shutdown systems
2.5.1 Where required
2.5.2 Principles of design
2.5.3 Actuation
2.5.4 Monitors and alarms
2.6 Locations
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Risk assessment
2.6.3 Tank location and spacing
2.6.4 Liquefaction equipment
2.6.5 Vaporizers
2.6.6 Changed site conditions
2.6.7 Storage of materials other than LNG
2.6.8 Ignition sources
2.6.9 Use of vapour barriers and firewalls
2.6.10 Construction of vapour barriers
2.6.11 Construction of firewalls
2.6.12 Use of existing construction
2.6.13 Ventilation and access
2.7 Potential flame impingement
2.8 Road and rail tanker transfer installations
2.8.1 Tank filling connection
2.8.2 Tanker-loading connection
2.8.3 Remote transfer connection
2.8.4 Drive-away protection
2.8.5 Emergency shutdown for transfer facilities
2.8.6 Separation distances
2.9 Piping, valves and accessories
2.9.1 General design
2.9.2 Tank connections
2.9.3 Piping joints
2.9.4 Interconnected tanks
2.9.5 Underground piping
2.9.6 Liquid lines between valves
2.9.7 Piping drain or bleed valves
2.9.8 Support of piping
2.9.9 Cold-contact hazards
2.9.10 Piping within buildings
2.9.11 Identification of pipes
2.9.12 Transfer hoses
2.9.13 Transfer hose coupling
2.10 Insulation
2.10.1 Combustibility
2.10.2 Exposed insulation
2.10.3 Atmospheric tank insulation
2.11 Vaporizer design and construction
2.11.1 Design and construction
2.11.2 Marking
2.12 Vaporizer installation
2.12.1 Compatibility check
2.12.2 Shelter
2.12.3 Isolation valves
2.13 Security and damage protection
2.13.1 Tank security
2.13.2 Security fence
2.13.3 Damage protection
2.14 Earthing and bonding
2.14.1 Earthing provision
2.14.2 Bonding to tanker
2.15 Personal protective equipment
2.15.1 Emergency protective equipment
2.15.2 Operational protective equipment
2.16 Odorizers
2.17 Markings and notices
2.17.1 Signs or notices
2.17.2 Equipment identification
2.18 Lighting
3 Pressure tank storages
3.1 Scope of section
3.2 Tank design and construction
3.2.1 Tank design requirements
3.2.2 Maximum filling level
3.2.3 Marking of openings
3.3 Controls of LNG outflows
3.3.1 Protection of openings
3.3.2 Operational flow control
3.3.3 Openings for gauges
3.3.4 Vapour pressure gauges
3.3.5 Liquid level gauging
3.3.6 Boil-off and flash gas
3.3.7 Vacuum-jacket gauges
3.4 Location and installation
3.4.1 Tank location and spacing
3.4.2 Foundations and supports
3.4.3 Fire resistance of supports
3.4.4 Thermal effects
4 Atmospheric tank storages
4.1 Scope of section
4.2 Tank design and construction
4.2.1 Tank design requirement
4.2.2 Concrete containment
4.2.3 Maximum filling level
4.3 Gauges and controls
4.3.1 Flow control system
4.3.2 Liquid level gauging
4.3.3 Vapour pressure and vacuum gauges
4.3.4 Pressure and vacuum protection devices
4.3.5 Temperature indicators
4.3.6 Boil-off and flash gas
4.4 Location and installation
4.4.1 Location
4.4.2 Foundations
4.5 Spillage containment and control
4.5.1 Containment
4.5.2 Ground spillage control
4.5.3 Compound capacity
4.5.4 Compound design and construction
4.5.5 Compound drainage
4.6 Marine transfer installations
4.6.1 Installations
4.6.2 Pipeline safety
4.6.3 Cargo control valves
4.6.4 Shore isolation valves
4.6.5 Reverse flow protection
4.6.6 Vapour return
5 Automotive refuelling stations
5.1 Scope of section
5.2 Control of ignition sources
5.3 Tank and piping
5.3.1 Tank installations
5.3.2 Emergency shutdown system
5.4 Filling area
5.4.1 Vehicle standing area
5.4.2 Location
5.4.3 Lighting
5.4.4 Dispenser protection
5.5 Dispensers
5.5.1 Dispensing hose
5.5.2 Dispensing nozzle
5.5.3 Filler caps
5.6 Notices, signs, and instructions
5.6.1 Precautionary sign
5.6.2 Emergency procedures
6 Operations
6.1 Scope of section
6.2 Establishment of procedures
6.2.1 Procedures required
6.2.2 Promulgation of procedures
6.2.3 Review and upkeep of procedures
6.2.4 Operating procedures
6.2.5 Construction and maintenance procedures
6.2.6 Emergency procedures
6.2.7 Training of personnel
6.2.7.1 Employees
6.2.7.2 Contractors
6.2.7.3 Visitors
6.2.7.4 Specialists
6.2.7.5 Refresher training
6.3 Supervision
6.4 Records
6.5 Compliance with procedures
6.6 Specific operating procedures
6.6.1 Commissioning new or modified equipment
6.6.2 Outlets not in use
6.6.3 Personnel safety
6.6.4 Ignition sources
6.6.5 Security procedures
6.6.6 Vehicles
6.6.7 Lighting
6.6.8 Post-installation site work
6.7 Maintenance, inspection and testing
6.7.1 Scheduled checks
6.7.2 Authorization of work
6.7.3 Work permit
6.7.4 Safe procedures
6.7.5 Preparation of work site
6.7.6 Completion of work
6.7.7 Hot work
6.7.8 Routine work
6.7.9 Open areas
6.7.10 Equipment alterations
6.7.11 Work within hazardous areas
6.7.12 Pits
6.7.13 Site upkeep
6.8 Tank transport or removal
6.9 Road tanker operation
6.9.1 Delivery vehicle
6.9.2 Tanker loading procedures
6.9.3 Check of accessories
6.9.4 Fire extinguishers
6.9.5 Holding time
6.9.6 Parking and garaging
6.9.7 Tanker servicing and repair
6.10 General precautions for bulk transfer
6.10.1 Condition of tank
6.10.2 Delivery to an unattended tank
6.10.3 Initial delivery check
6.10.4 Subsequent delivery check
6.10.5 Night lighting
6.10.6 Safe use of hose
6.10.7 Use of protective equipment
6.10.8 Tanker location
6.11 Supervision of transfer
6.11.1 Number of attendants
6.11.2 Driver in attendance
6.12 Transfer procedures
6.12.1 Procedures prior to transfer
6.12.2 Procedures during transfer
6.12.3 Procedures after transfer
6.13 Marine transfer
6.13.1 Cargo and stores
6.13.2 Traffic control
6.13.3 Pre-transfer check
6.14 Automotive-refuelling station operations
6.14.1 Vehicle engine
6.14.2 Filling level
7 Fire safety
7.1 Scope of section
7.2 Design requirements
7.2.1 Design for fire safety
7.2.2 Integration with existing facilities
7.2.3 System compatibility
7.2.4 Location
7.2.5 Site evaluation for tank installations
7.2.6 Automotive refuelling installations
7.3 Detailed requirements
7.3.1 Fire extinguishers
7.3.2 Water supply
Appendix A
Appendix B
B1 General
B2 Characteristics
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
E1 General
E2 Vulnerability
E3 Protection of LNG installations
E4 Impact protection assessment calculation
Cited references in this standard
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