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AS 1100.101-1992
[Current]Technical drawing, Part 101: General principles
Sets out the basic principles of technical drawing practice, and covers terminology and abbreviations used in technical drawings; materials, sizes and layout of drawing sheets; types and thicknesses of lines; types and dimensions of letters, numerals and symbols; drawing scales; projectioning; sectioning; dimensioning and geometry tolerancing and the conventional representation of features and parts. Appendices provide information on the development of pictorial drawings and geometry tolerancing.
Published: 16/11/1992
Pages: 232
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
PREFACE
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS
1.4.1 General
1.4.2 Use of abbreviations
1.4.2.1 Word combinations
1.4.2.2 Syntax
1.4.2.3 Punctuation
1.4.2.4 Chemical elements
1.5 SURFACE TEXTURE
2 MATERIALS, SIZES AND LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEETS
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
2.2 TYPES OF DRAWINGS AND RELATED TERMINOLOGY
2.2.1 Drawing
2.2.2 Arrangement drawing
2.2.3 Assembly drawing
2.2.4 Control drawing
2.2.5 Detail assembly drawing
2.2.6 Detail drawing
2.2.7 Diagrammatic drawing (or diagram)
2.2.8 General arrangement drawing
2.2.9 Installation drawing
2.2.10 Monodetail drawing
2.2.11 Multidetail drawing
2.2.12 Tabulated drawing
2.2.13 Electrotechnology drawings
2.2.14 Works as executed drawing
2.2.15 Assembly (subassembly)
2.2.16 End product
2.2.17 Flow chart
2.2.18 Installation
2.2.19 Part
2.2.20 Part number
2.2.21 System
2.3 MATERIALS
2.4 SIZE OF DRAWING SHEETS
2.4.1 Preferred sizes
2.4.2 Non-preferred sizes
2.4.3 Roll drawings
2.4.4 Tolerances
2.5 LAYOUT OF DRAWINGS SHEETS
2.5.1 Size of borders
2.5.1.1 Sheets without filing margin
2.5.1.2 Sheets with filing margin
2.5.1.3 Roll drawings
2.5.2 Print trimming line
2.5.3 Camera alignment marks
2.5.4 Grid referencing
2.5.5 Sheet designation
2.5.6 Other information
2.5.7 Fold lines
2.5.8 Layout
2.5.8.1 General
2.5.8.2 Detail drawings
2.5.8.3 Assembly and multidetail drawings
2.5.9 Title block
2.5.10 Supplementary information
2.5.11 Material or parts list
2.5.12 Thickness of format lines
2.5.13 Lettering in drawing layouts
2.5.14 Orientation of drawings
3 LINES
3.1 TYPES OF LINES
3.2 DIMENSIONS OF LINES
3.2.1 Thickness
3.2.2 Dashes
3.3 LINE SPACING
3.4 LINE DENSITY
3.5 TYPICAL APPLICATION OF LINES
3.5.1 Type A
3.5.2 Type B
3.5.3 Types C and D
3.5.4 Type E
3.5.5 Type F
3.5.6 Type G
3.5.7 Type H
3.5.8 Type J
3.5.9 Type K
3.6 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF LINES
3.6.1 Representation of some plane faces
3.6.2 Representation of a rectangular opening
3.6.3 Partial views of symmetrical objects
3.6.4 Other special applications
3.7 ORDER OF PRIORITY OF COINCIDENT LINES
4 LETTERS, NUMERALS AND SYMBOLS
4.1 LETTERS AND NUMERALS
4.1.1 Character shapes and proportions
4.1.1.1 General
4.1.1.2 Basic form
4.1.1.3 Freehand characters
4.1.1.4 Stencil characters
4.1.1.5 Machine made characters
4.1.2 Height of characters
4.1.3 Thickness of character lines
4.1.4 Spacing
4.1.4.1 Spacing of characters
4.1.4.2 Space between words
4.1.4.3 Space between lines of lettering
4.1.5 Use of characters
4.1.6 Decimal form
4.1.6.1 Decimal sign
4.1.6.2 Decimal fractions
4.1.7 Vulgar fractions
4.2 ITEM REFERENCES
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Terminology
4.2.2.1 Item
4.2.2.2 Reference (item) number
4.2.3 Use
4.3 SYMBOLS AND TERMINATORS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Terminology
4.3.2.1 Symbol
4.3.2.2 Terminator
4.3.3 Arrowheads
4.3.4 Dots
4.3.4.1 Dots terminating line
4.3.4.2 Dots terminating leaders
4.3.4.3 Dots used as decimal signs
4.3.4.4 Use of arrowheads and dots
4.3.4.5 Slashes
4.3.4.6 Dimensioning and tolerancing
4.3.4.7 Graphical symbols
4.3.4.8 Use of notes to supplement symbols
5 SCALES
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 TERMINOLOGY
5.2.1 Scale
5.3 INDICATION OF SCALES
5.3.1 Methods
5.3.2 Single scale
5.3.3 Multiple scales
5.4 SCALE RATIOS
5.4.1 Engineering and architectural drawing scales
5.4.2 Surveying and mapping scales
5.5 LARGE SCALE DRAWINGS
6 PROJECTIONS
6.1 IDENTIFICATION
6.1.1 Views
6.1.1.1 Top view (plan)
6.1.1.2 Side, front and rear view (elevation)
6.2 TYPES OF PROJECTION
6.3 ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION
6.3.1 Terminology—Orthogonal projection
6.3.2 General
6.3.3 Methods
6.3.4 Selection of views
6.3.4.1 Principle of selection
6.3.4.2 Disposition and number of views
6.3.5 Deviation from method of projection
6.3.6 Partial views
6.3.7 Auxiliary views
6.3.8 Removed views and details
6.3.9 Rounded and filleted intersections
6.3.10 Views of symmetrical parts
6.3.11 Simplified representation of repetitive features
6.4 SPATIAL GEOMETRY
6.4.1 Terminology
6.4.2 The coordinate system
6.4.3 Principal planes
6.4.4 Notation of principal planes and points
6.4.5 Auxiliary planes of projection
6.4.6 Cutting planes
6.5 AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
6.5.1 Terminology—Axonometric projection
6.5.2 Methods
6.5.3 Choice of axes
6.5.3.1 One principal axis
6.5.3.2 Other principal axes
6.5.4 Examples and guidelines
6.5.4.1 Isometric drawing
6.5.4.2 Dimetric drawing
6.5.4.3 Trimetric drawing
6.6 OBLIQUE PROJECTION
6.6.1 Terminology—Oblique projection
6.6.2 Methods
6.6.3 Choice of method and orientation
6.7 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
6.7.1 Terminology—Perspective projection
6.7.2 Methods
6.7.3 Examples and guidelines
6.8 OTHER DETAILS—PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
6.8.1 Sectioned views
6.8.2 Fillets and rounds
6.8.3 Intersections
6.8.4 Screw threads
6.8.5 Dimensioning
7 SECTIONS
7.1 GENERAL
7.1.1 Terminology—Section
7.1.2 Method of indicating sections
7.2 CUTTING PLANES
7.2.1 Selection
7.2.2 Indication—General
7.2.3 Indication—Other methods
7.3 HATCHING
7.3.1 Single part
7.3.2 Adjacent parts
7.3.3 Existing adjacent part
7.3.4 Large areas
7.3.5 Interruption for lettering and numerals
7.3.6 Thin areas
7.3.7 Offset, contiguous, discontiguous, or curved sectioning
7.4 SECTIONS
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Full sections
7.4.3 Half sections
7.4.4 Local or part sections
7.4.5 Aligned sections
7.4.6 Revolved sections
7.4.7 Interposed sections
7.4.8 Removed sections
7.4.8.1 Usual method
7.4.8.2 Alternative methods
7.4.8.3 Disposition of successive sections
7.4.9 Other conventions used in sectioning
7.4.9.1 Fastening elements
7.4.9.2 Relatively thin elements
7.4.9.3 Holes
7.4.9.4 Features located in front of a cutting plane
7.4.9.5 Breaks
8 DIMENSIONING
8.1 SCOPE
8.1.1 Terminology
8.1.1.1 Dimension
8.1.1.2 Tolerance
8.1.2 Fundamental rules
8.2 GENERAL DIMENSIONING
8.2.1 Dimensioning symbols
8.2.2 Terminology
8.2.2.1 Functional dimension
8.2.3 Projection and dimension lines and leaders
8.2.3.1 Projection lines
8.2.3.2 Dimension lines
8.2.3.3 Leaders
8.2.4 Dimensions
8.2.4.1 Numerical values
8.2.4.2 Linear dimensions
8.2.4.3 Angular dimensions
8.2.5 Arrangement of dimensions
8.2.5.1 General
8.2.5.2 Tabular presentation of dimensions
8.2.5.3 Not-to-scale dimensions
8.2.5.4 Terminology — Auxiliary dimension
8.2.5.5 Auxiliary dimensions — General
8.2.6 Methods of dimensioning common features
8.2.6.1 Diameters
8.2.6.2 Radii
8.2.6.3 Squares
8.2.6.4 Holes
8.2.6.5 Equal dimensions
8.2.6.6 Positioning of curved surfaces
8.2.6.7 Chamfers
8.2.6.8 Countersinks, counterbores, spotfaces and depth
8.2.6.9 Screw threads
8.2.6.10 Tapers
8.2.6.11 Profiles and curved surfaces
8.2.6.12 Taper and slope symbols
8.2.7 Notes on drawings
8.3 GENERAL TOLERANCES AND RELATED PRINCIPLES
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Terminology
8.3.2.1 Axis (of a feature)
8.3.2.2 Basic dimension
8.3.2.3 Datum
8.3.2.4 Datum dimension
8.3.2.5 Datum feature
8.3.2.6 Datum, simulated
8.3.2.7 Datum target
8.3.2.8 Feature
8.3.2.9 Group (of features)
8.3.2.10 Size
8.3.2.11 Size, actual
8.3.2.12 Size, least material
8.3.2.13 Size, limits of
8.3.2.14 Size, local
8.3.2.15 Size, mating
8.3.2.16 Size, maximum material
8.3.2.17 Size, nominal
8.3.2.18 Tolerance
8.3.2.19 Tolerance, bilateral
8.3.2.20 Tolerance, unilateral
8.3.2.21 Tolerance zone
8.3.3 Application of tolerancing symbols
8.3.3.1 General
8.3.3.2 Symbol construction
8.3.3.3 Feature symbols
8.3.3.4 Datum identifying letters
8.3.3.5 Datum target symbol
8.3.3.6 Basic dimension symbol
8.3.3.7 Maximum material condition symbol
8.3.3.8 Projected tolerance zone symbol
8.3.3.9 Dimension datum symbol
8.3.3.10 Envelope symbol
8.3.4 Principle of independency
8.3.5 Envelope principle
8.3.6 Maximum material principle
8.3.7 Tolerance indication methods
8.3.8 Direct tolerancing methods
8.3.8.1 Linear dimensions of features
8.3.8.2 Angular dimensions
8.3.8.3 General tolerance notes
8.3.9 Interpretation of limits of dimensions
8.3.9.1 Dimensional limits
8.3.9.2 Plated or coated parts
8.3.9.3 Interpretation of toleranced linear dimensions
8.3.10 Envelope principle (see Clause 8.3.5)
8.3.11 Tolerances between features
8.3.11.1 General
8.3.11.2 Dimensional limits related to a datum
8.3.11.3 Interpretation of toleranced centre distances
8.3.11.4 Application
8.3.12 Angular surfaces—Tolerancing and interpretation
8.3.12.1 General
8.3.12.2 Cumulative angular tolerancing
8.3.12.3 Basic angular tolerancing
8.3.13 Tapers
8.3.13.1 Methods of specifying tapers
8.3.13.2 Basic taper (or basic angle) method
8.3.13.3 Toleranced taper (or angle) method
8.3.13.4 Fitting to gauge or mating part
8.3.13.5 Three toleranced dimensions method
8.3.14 Radii with unlocated centres
8.3.15 Profile and curved surfaces — tolerancing and interpretation
8.4 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING AND RELATED PRINCIPLES — GEOMETRY
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Terminology
8.4.2.1 Datum group
8.4.2.2 Datum system
8.4.2.3 Geometric reference frame
8.4.2.4 Least material condition
8.4.2.5 Maximum material condition
8.4.2.6 Virtual condition
8.4.2.7 Virtual size
8.4.2.8 Tolerance diagram
8.4.2.9 Tolerance, form
8.4.2.10 Tolerance, geometry
8.4.2.11 Tolerance, position
8.4.3 Symbols
8.4.3.1 General
8.4.3.2 Symbol construction
8.4.3.3 Geometric characteristic symbols
8.4.4 Specification of geometry tolerances
8.4.4.1 Methods of specification
8.4.4.2 Geometry tolerance frame
8.4.4.3 Tolerance frame method
8.4.4.4 Symbol
8.4.4.5 Tolerance value
8.4.4.6 Datum feature
8.4.5 Tabular method
8.4.5.1 General
8.4.5.2 Group number
8.4.5.3 Feature controlled
8.4.5.4 Number of features
8.4.5.5 Symbol
8.4.5.6 Tolerance value
8.4.5.7 Datum features
8.4.5.8 Symbol Ⓜ
8.5 INTERPRETATION OF MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION
8.6 DATUM SPECIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 The function, designation, and interpretation of datums
8.6.3 Datum reference frame
8.6.4 Datum features
8.6.4.1 General
8.6.4.2 Temporary and permanent datum features
8.6.4.3 Datum feature symbols
8.6.4.4 Datum feature control
8.6.5 Examples of datums and datum groups
8.6.6 Datum targets
8.6.6.1 General
8.6.6.2 Datum target points
8.6.6.3 Datum target lines
8.6.6.4 Datum target areas
8.6.6.5 Datum target dimensions
8.7 VIRTUAL CONDITION
8.8 SCREW THREADS — ORIENTATION AND LOCATION
8.9 GEARS AND SPLINES — ORIENTATION AND LOCATION
8.10 TOLERANCES OF POSITION
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Position tolerancing
8.10.3 Tolerances of position with true position dimension (see Table 8.4)
8.10.4 Tolerances of position applied to concentricity (see Table 8.5)
8.10.5 Tolerances of position applied to symmetry (see Table 8.6)
8.10.6 Material condition basis
8.10.7 MMC as related to position tolerancing
8.10.8 Zero position tolerancing at MMC
8.10.9 Location of feature patterns
8.10.9.1 General
8.10.9.2 Examples
8.10.10 Projected tolerance zone (see Table 8.7)
8.10.11 Counterbored holes
8.10.12 Non-circular features
8.10.13 Spherical features
8.11 TOLERANCES OF FORM, PROFILE, ORIENTATION, AND RUNOUT
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Form and orientation control
8.11.3 Form and orientation tolerance zones
8.11.4 Form tolerances
8.11.4.1 General
8.11.4.2 Tolerances of straightness (see Table 8.8)
8.11.4.3 Tolerance of flatness (see Table 8.9)
8.11.4.4 Tolerance of circularity (roundness) (see Table 8.10)
8.11.4.5 Tolerances of cylindricity (see Table 8.11)
8.11.5 Tolerances on profiles
8.11.6 Orientation tolerances
8.11.6.1 General
8.11.6.2 Specifying orientation tolerances in relation to datum features
8.11.7 Tolerances of squareness (See Table 8.14)
8.11.8 Tolerances on parallelism (see Table 8.15)
8.11.9 Tolerances of angularity (see Table 8.16)
8.11.10 Application of zero MMC
8.11.11 Runout (see Table 8.17)
8.11.12 Total runout (see Table 8.18)
9 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS
9.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
9.2 METHOD OF PRESENTATION
9.3 REPRESENTATION OF FEATURES AND PARTS
9.3.1 Repeated features and parts
9.3.2 Screw threads
9.3.3 Threaded fasteners
9.3.4 Threaded assemblies
9.3.5 Riveted assemblies
APPENDIX A
A1 SYMBOLS
A2 OTHER COMPARISONS
A2.1 Shape of tolerance zone
A2.2 Combination of position tolerancing and centre distance tolerancing
APPENDIX B
B1 SCOPE
B2 EXAMPLES OF GEOMETRY TOLERANCE SPECIFICATION
APPENDIX C
C1 SCOPE
C2 DRAFTING AIDS
C3 REPRESENTATION OF CIRCLES
C3.1 Axonometric drawing
C3.2 Isometric drawing
C3.3 Dimetric drawing
C4 AXONOMETRIC SCALE RATIOS
C4.1 Equations
C4.2 Isometric
C4.3 Dimetric
C4.4 Trimetric
APPENDIX D
D1 SCOPE
D2 CALCULATION OF SCALE
APPENDIX E
E1 SCOPE
E2 INTRODUCTION
E3 CONDITIONS FOR FREE ASSEMBLY OF COMPONENTS
APPENDIX F
F1 SCOPE
F2 DEFINITION
F3 EXAMPLE
APPENDIX G
G1 SCOPE
G2 COMPARISON OF COORDINATE TOLERANCES WITH POSITION TOLERANCES IN THE CONTROL OF ERRORS IN POSITION OF RELATED FEATURES
G3 COORDINATE TOLERANCING
G4 POSITION TOLERANCING WITH TRUE POSITION DIMENSIONS
G5 RECTANGULAR TOLERANCE ZONES
G6 RECOMMENDATION
APPENDIX H
H1 SCOPE
H2 INTRODUCTION
H3 DATUM BEING A STRAIGHT LINE OR A PLANE
H4 DATUM BEING THE AXIS OF A CYLINDER
H5 DATUM BEING THE COMMON AXIS OR COMMON MEDIAN PLANE
H6 DATUM BEING THE AXIS OF A CYLINDER AND PERPENDICULAR TO A PLANE
INDEX
Cited references in this standard
[Withdrawn]
Amendment 1 to AS 1654 Supp 1-1975 Limits and fits for engineering-Imperial units (Supplement to AS 1654-1974)
[Superseded]
Diagrams, charts and tables for electrotechnology, Part 1: Definitions and classifications
Content history
[Current]
[Available Superseded]
[Superseded]
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AS 1100.101-1992 Rec:2014
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