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SA HB 79:2015
[Current]Alkali Aggregate Reaction — Guidelines on Minimising the Risk of Damage to Concrete Structures in Australia
This Standard considers the phenomenon of alkali aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete and makes recommendations for its practical management in Australia, and in particular, provides guidance for the specification of future work.
Published: 18/06/2015
Pages: 62
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Table of contents
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About this publication
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
1 ASSESSING THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH STRUCTURES AND ENVIRONMENTS
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF ASR
1.3 VISIBLE SIGNS OF AAR-RELATED DISTRESS
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Cracking
1.3.3 Gel exudation
1.3.4 Pop-outs
1.3.5 Deformations and displacements
1.4 STRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF AAR ON CONCRETE
1.4.1 General
1.4.2 Effect on concrete properties
Compressive strength
Tensile strength
Shear strength
Elastic modulus
Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV)
Bond strength
Creep
1.4.3 Effect on concrete elements
1.4.4 Effects on structures
1.5 SERVICEABILITY EFFECTS OF AAR
1.5.1 General
1.5.2 Primary effects
1.5.3 Secondary effects
1.5.4 Combined AAR and DEF
2 EVALUATION OF AGGREGATES
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 SERVICE HISTORY
2.3 PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
2.4 EVALUATION OF REACTION POTENTIAL BY PETROGRAPHY
2.5 AGGREGATE CLASSIFICATION TERMINOLOGY
2.6 EVALUATION OF REACTION POTENTIAL BY TESTING
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Accelerated Mortar Bar Test (AMBT)
2.6.3 Concrete Prism Test (CPT)
2.6.4 Other Aggregate Tests
2.7 AGGREGATE CLASSIFICATION
2.8 TESTING PRECISION
2.9 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
3 MINIMISING THE RISK OF DAMAGE DUE TO AAR IN PROPOSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 DESIGN CONCEPT
Macro Issues
Micro Issues
3.3 ALKALI CONTROL
3.4 USE OF SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
3.5 USE OF LITHIUM SALTS
3.6 ACCELERATED ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED CONCRETE MIXES
3.7 CURRENT AUSTRALIAN PRACTICE IN CONTROLLING POTENTIAL AAR
Queensland
New South Wales
Victoria
4 DIAGNOSIS OF AAR AND REPAIR OF AAR CRACKING IN EXISTING STRUCTURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 DIAGNOSIS
Structure inspection
Review of existing records
Detailed Site Inspection
Sampling
Possible causes
Laboratory investigations
4.3 NUMERICAL MODELLING
4.4 MANAGEMENT OF AFFECTED STRUCTURES
4.4.1 Crack repair
4.4.1.1 Atmospheric or splash zone exposure conditions
4.4.1.2 Buried structures
4.4.2 Structural repair
4.4.3 Penetrating sealants (pore-lining penetrants)
4.4.4 Physical protection systems
APPENDIX A
A1 INTRODUCTION
A2 NATURE OF THE REACTION
A3 CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR EXPANSIVE REACTION
A4 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
A5 SELF-LIMITATION
A6 MINIMISING THE RISK OF DAMAGE DUE TO AAR—AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
A6.1 General
A6.2 Use of non-reactive aggregates
A6.3 Use of low-alkali cement
A6.4 Limiting the alkali content of concrete
A6.5 Use of SCMs
A6.6 Preventing moisture ingress
APPENDIX B
B1 GENERAL
B2 EARLIER TEST PROCEDURES NOT IN COMMON USE IN AUSTRALIA
B2.1 The Queensland Department of Transport Method (concrete prism—patented accelerated test)
B3 TEST PROCEDURES UNDER DEVELOPMENT IN AUSTRALIA
B3.1 Accelerated Concrete Prism Test (ACPT)
B3.2 The concrete prism test—Job mix
B4 DIAGNOSTIC AND EVALUATION TESTS NOT COMMONLY USED IN AUSTRALIA
B4.1 Rapid concrete core test (Duggan expansion test)
B4.2 Core expansion as a measure of remaining potential for AAR and assessment of alkalis releasable from aggregate
B4.3 Assessment of alkalis releasable from aggregate
B5 CONCLUDING COMMENT REGARDING TESTING
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