Handbook

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SA HB 108-2013

[Current]

Timber design handbook

This Handbook focuses on the design of timber elements. This Handbook has been specifically written as a text on the structural behaviour of timber, and makes specific reference to the design of timber structures to Australian Standards, and to timber products available in Australia.

Published: 23/05/2013

Pages: 505

Table of contents

Cited references

Content history

Table of contents

Header

About this publication

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF STANDARDS

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TIMBER DESIGN

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Structure of this Handbook

1.1.2 Conventions used in this Handbook

1.1.3 Trees

1.2 Basic wood properties

1.2.1 Growth characteristics of wood

1.2.2 Structure of wood

1.2.3 Wood fibre sampling and properties

1.3 Structural timber

1.3.1 Uses of structural timber

1.3.2 Effects of processing timber

1.3.3 Seasoning of timber and shrinkage

1.3.4 Timber sorting or grading

1.3.5 In-grade testing

1.3.6 Grade designations

1.4 Selection of species

1.4.1 Durability

1.4.2 Improvement of durability

1.4.3 Fire

1.4.4 Availability of Structural Timber

1.4.5 Workability

1.4.6 Specifying and Ordering Timber

1.5 Engineered timber products

1.5.1 Plywood

1.5.2 Glued laminated timber (Glulam)

1.5.3 Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

1.5.4 Strand and flake products

1.5.5 Cross laminated timber (CLT)

1.6 Practice Problems

1.7 References – Chapter 1

2.0 LIMIT STATES DESIGN

2.1 Design process

2.1.1 Criteria

2.1.2 Design constraints

2.1.3 Steps in the design process

2.1.4 Design calculations

2.1.5 Structural analysis

2.2 Loads on structural elements

2.2.1 Classification of loads

2.2.2 Permanent actions

2.2.3 Imposed actions

2.2.4 Wind actions

2.2.5 Snow actions

2.2.6 Earthquake actions

2.2.7 Other loads

2.2.8 Summary of Loadings

2.3 Limit states

2.3.1 Serviceability limit state

2.3.2 Stability limit state

2.3.3 Strength limit state

2.3.4 Capacity factor (ϕ)

2.4 Practice Problems

2.4.1 Short answer problems

2.4.2 Calculation problems

2.5 References – Chapter 2

3.0 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

3.1 Strength limit state

3.1.1 Characteristic tensile strength (f't)

3.1.2 Duration of load and k1 factor

3.1.3 Partial seasoning and k4 factor

3.1.4 Ambient temperature and k6 factor

3.1.5 Capacity of tension members

3.1.6 Plywood tension elements

3.2 Serviceability limit state

3.2.1 Creep and j3 factor

3.2.2 Checking serviceability performance

3.3 Design of tension members

3.3.1 Design techniques for tension members

3.4 Practice Problems

3.4.1 Short answer problems

3.4.2 Calculation problems

3.5 References – Chapter 3

4.0 DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS

4.1 Buckling in compression members

4.1.1 Effective length

4.1.2 Compression capacity

4.2 Strength

4.2.1 Characteristic compression strength (fc')

4.2.2 Buckling and k12 factor

4.2.3 Capacity of compression members

4.2.4 Columns with multiple compression elements

4.2.5 Plywood compression elements

4.3 Serviceability limit state

4.3.1 Creep and j2 factor

4.3.2 Checking serviceability performance

4.4 Design of compression members

4.4.1 Design techniques for compression members

4.5 Practice Problems

4.5.1 Short answer problems

4.5.2 Calculation problems

4.6 References – Chapter 4

5.0 DESIGN OF BENDING MEMBERS

5.1 Serviceability limit state

5.1.1 Vibrations

5.1.2 Deflections

5.1.3 Creep under long-term loading

5.1.4 Duration of load and the j2 factor

5.1.5 Deflection calculations

5.1.6 Design for the serviceability limit state

5.2 Strength limit state in flexure

5.2.1 Characteristic bending strength (f b′)

5.2.2 Strength sharing factor (k9)

5.2.3 Lateral-torsional buckling and the k12 factor

5.2.4 Capacity of bending members

5.2.5 Design for flexure at the strength limit state

5.3 Strength limit state for shear

5.3.1 Shear capacity

5.3.2 Characteristic shear strength (f s′)

5.3.3 Shear area (As)

5.3.4 Shear capacity

5.4 Strength limit state for bearing

5.4.1 Bearing capacity

5.4.2 Characteristic bearing strength

5.4.3 Bearing length and k7 factor

5.4.4 Bearing capacity at an angle to the grain

5.4.5 Calculation of bearing capacity

5.5 Deep section and long span curved or tapered beams

5.5.1 Design of straight constant depth glulam and LVL beams

5.5.2 Behaviour of curved and/or tapered beams

5.5.3 Capacity of single-tapered straight beams

5.5.4 Capacity of double-tapered, curved and pitched cambered beams

5.6 Design capacity of structural plywood in bending

5.6.1 Out-of-plane bending capacity (Md,p)

5.6.2 In-plane bending capacity (Md,i)

5.6.3 Inter-lamina shear capacity (beam shear) (Vd,p)

5.6.4 In-plane shear capacity (panel shear) (Vd,i)

5.7 Design techniques for beams

5.7.1 Design for the serviceability limit state

5.7.2 Design for the strength limit state

5.8 Practice Problems

5.8.1 Short answer problems

5.8.2 Calculation problems

5.9 References – Chapter 5

6.0 MEMBERS CARRYING COMBINED ACTION EFFECTS

6.1 Second order effects

6.1.1 Structural analysis

6.1.2 Estimate of moment amplification

6.2 Combined bending and compression

6.2.1 Bending about the major axis (Md,x) with minor axis buckling (Nd,cy)

6.2.2 Bending about the major axis (Md,x) with major axis buckling (Nd,cx)

6.2.3 Bending about the minor axis (Md,y) with axial compression (Nd,c)

6.2.4 Checking beam/column capacity

6.3 Combined bending and tension

6.3.1 Major axis bending (Md,x) with axial tension (Nd,t) – Tension edge

6.3.2 Major axis bending (Md,x) with axial tension (Nd,t) – Compression edge

6.3.3 Minor axis bending (Md,y) with axial tension (Nd,t)

6.3.4 Checking combined bending and tension members

6.4 Biaxial bending

6.4.1 Biaxial bending and compression

6.4.2 Biaxial bending and tension

6.5 Practice Problems

6.5.1 Short answer problems

6.5.2 Calculation problems

6.6 References – Chapter 6

7.0 DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS

7.1 Connections

7.1.1 Elements in connections

7.1.2 Connectors

7.1.3 Connection modelling

7.2 Strength and serviceability of nailed connections

7.2.1 Type 1 nailed connections

7.2.2 Characteristic nail strength (Qk)

7.2.3 Duration of load factor (k1)

7.2.4 Grain orientation factor (k13)

7.2.5 Shear plane factor (k14)

7.2.6 Head fixity factor (k16)

7.2.7 Factor for multiple nails (k17)

7.2.8 Serviceability of type 1 nailed connections

7.2.9 Type 2 nailed connections

7.2.10 Moment resisting nailed connections

7.2.11 Geometric details for nailed connections

7.2.12 Design techniques for nailed connections

7.3 Strength and serviceability of screwed connections

7.3.1 Capacity of type 1 screwed connections

7.3.2 Type 2 screwed connections

7.3.3 Serviceability of type 1 screwed connections

7.3.4 Moment resisting screwed connections

7.3.5 Comparison with nail capacities

7.3.6 Designing and detailing screwed connections

7.4 Strength and serviceability of bolted connections

7.4.1 Type 1 bolted connections

7.4.2 Characteristic system capacity of bolts (Qskθ)

7.4.3 Head fixity factor (k16)

7.4.4 Factor for multiple bolts (k17)

7.4.5 Serviceability of type 1 bolted connections

7.4.6 Type 2 bolted connections

7.4.7 Geometric details for bolted connections

7.4.8 Design techniques for bolted connections

7.5 Strength of coach screwed connections

7.5.1 Capacity of type 1 coach screwed connections

7.5.2 Capacity of type 2 coach screwed connections

7.5.3 Serviceability of type 1 coach screwed connections

7.5.4 Designing and detailing coach screwed connections

7.6 Strength and serviceability of split-ring connectors

7.6.1 Strength of type 1 split-ring connections

7.6.2 Characteristic capacity of split-rings (k15k18Qk)

7.6.3 Serviceability of type 1 split-ring connections

7.6.4 Limitations on the use of split-ring connections

7.6.5 Issues for maintenance of split-ring connections

7.7 Strength and serviceability of shear-plate connectors

7.7.1 Strength of type 1 shear-plate connections

7.7.2 Characteristic capacity of shear-plates (k15k18Qk)

7.7.3 Serviceability of type 1 shear-plate connections

7.7.4 Limitations on the use of shear-plate connections

7.7.5 Issues for maintenance of shear-plate connections

7.8 Strength of metal dowels in type 1 connections

7.8.1 Metal dowelled fin plate connections

7.8.2 Strength of type 1 metal dowelled fin plate connections

7.8.3 Characteristic system capacity of dowels (Qskθ)

7.8.4 Head fixity factor (k16)

7.8.5 Serviceability of type 1 fin plate connections

7.8.6 Geometric details for dowelled fin plate connections

7.8.7 Design techniques for dowelled fin plate connections

7.9 Injected epoxy steel dowel connections

7.9.1 Load transfer mechanisms in epoxied dowel connections

7.9.2 Capacity of epoxied dowel connections

7.9.3 Construction of epoxied dowel connections

7.10 Detailing connections

7.10.1 Load transfer in a connection

7.10.2 Tension perpendicular to grain

7.10.3 Splitting characteristics of structural timbers

7.10.4 Eccentric loading

7.11 Summary of connection capacities

7.12 Practice Problems

7.12.1 Short answer problems

7.12.2 Calculation problems

7.13 References – Chapter 7

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

Cited references in this standard

Content history

HB 108-1998

[Superseded]

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