This document specifies the quality and safety requirements and test methods of Polygonum multiflorum root, which is derived from the dried root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Fam. Polygonaceae). This document is applicable to raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum root that are sold and used as natural medicines in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal material) and decoction pieces derived from this plant.