Standard
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AS/NZS 5667.1:1998
[Current]Water quality — Sampling, Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programs, sampling techniques and the preservation and handling of samples
Provides general principles to be applied in the design of sampling programs, general guidance on sampling techniques and guidance on the procedures to be taken to preserve and transport samples for the physical, chemical and radiological analysis of waters and wastewaters, including bottom sediment and sludges, for the purposes of process control, quality characterization, identification of sources of pollution, compliance with water quality guidelines or standards, and other specific reasons.
Published: 05/04/1998
Pages: 51
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
PREFACE
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.3 DEFINITIONS
2 OBJECTIVES
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 SETTING OF OBJECTIVES
2.3 DOCUMENTATION OF PROCEDURES
2.4 REVIEW OF OBJECTIVES
3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 SAFETY AND PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
3.3 HAZARDOUS SAMPLES
3.4 HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES OR CONFINED SPACES
3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
3.6 SAMPLING SITES
3.7 WEATHER CONDITIONS
3.8 SAMPLING FROM BOATS
3.9 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
4 FACTORS AFFECTING SAMPLING
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.1.1 Identifying the sampling location
4.1.2 Access
4.1.3 Equipment integrity
4.1.4 Character of flow
4.1.5 Changes in sample characteristics
4.1.6 Nature of the sample
4.1.7 Sampling methods
4.1.8 General sampling considerations
4.2 SPECIFIC SAMPLING SITUATIONS
4.2.1 Sampling from pipes
4.2.2 Lakes, natural and man-made
4.2.3 Drinking water
4.2.4 Rivers and streams
4.2.5 Boiler system waters
4.2.6 Wet deposition
4.2.7 Marine and estuarine waters
4.2.8 Sewage and sewage effluents
4.2.9 Storm run-off
4.2.10 Industrial effluents
4.2.11 Groundwaters
4.2.12 Bottom sediments
4.2.13 Sewage sludges
4.2.14 Drinking water treatment sludges
4.2.15 Industrial water sludges
4.2.16 Swimming pools
4.2.17 Water from cooling systems
4.3 SAMPLING FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Sampling from taps
4.3.3 Other sampling situations
5 QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 BLANKS
5.2.1 Sample contamination
5.2.2 Sampling blanks
5.2.3 Container blank
5.3 CONTROLS
5.3.1 Field spikes
5.3.2 Control sites
5.4 REPLICATE SAMPLES
6 NUMBER AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 SYSTEM VARIABILITY
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Random and systematic variations of water quality
6.2.3 Abnormal variability
7 SAMPLE CONTAINERS
7.1 CONTAINER SELECTION
7.2 TYPES OF SAMPLE CONTAINER
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Samples containing light-sensitive analytes
7.2.3 Trace organic contaminants
7.2.4 High temperature samples
7.2.5 Solid or semisolid samples
7.3 CONTAINER PREPARATION
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Containers for microbiological analysis
7.3.3 Detergent-washed plastic and glass
7.3.4 Solvent-washed glass
7.3.5 Acid-washed plastic and glass
8 TYPES OF SAMPLE
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 GRAB SAMPLES
8.3 PERIODIC SAMPLES (DISCONTINUOUS)
8.3.1 Periodic samples taken at fixed time-intervals (time dependent)
8.3.2 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (volume dependent)
8.3.3 Periodic samples taken at fixed flow-intervals (flow dependent)
8.4 CONTINUOUS SAMPLES
8.4.1 Continuous samples taken at fixed flow rates
8.4.2 Continuous samples taken at variable flow rates
8.5 SERIES SAMPLING
8.5.1 Depth profile samples
8.5.2 Area profile samples
8.6 COMPOSITE SAMPLES
8.7 LARGE VOLUME SAMPLES
9 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
9.1 SAMPLING LINES
9.2 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Equipment for grab sampling
9.2.2.1 General
9.2.2.2 Equipment for grab sampling water at selected depths
9.2.2.3 Grabs or dredges for sampling sediments
9.2.2.4 Clam-shell buckets
9.2.2.5 Core sampling devices
9.2.3 Automatic sampling equipment
9.3 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR RADIOACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS
9.4 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR DISSOLVED GASES (AND VOLATILE MATERIALS)
9.5 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
10 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AND TRANSPORT
10.1 SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION
10.2 REPORTS
10.3 TRANSPORT OF SAMPLES
10.4 RECEPTION OF SAMPLES IN THE LABORATORY
11 SAMPLE PRESERVATION
11.1 GENERAL
11.2 REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Refrigeration
11.2.3 Freezing
11.3 USE OF PRESERVATIVES
11.4 REAGENTS
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Safety considerations
11.4.3 Solids
11.4.3.1 Ascorbic acid
11.4.3.2 Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
11.4.3.3 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
11.4.3.4 Sodium iodide (NaI)
11.4.3.5 Sodium sulfite (Na2SO3)
11.4.3.6 Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)
11.4.4 Solutions
11.4.4.1 Zinc acetate solution (10% m/v)
11.4.4.2 Orthophosphoric acid (ρ 1.75 g/mL)
11.4.4.3 Hydrochloric acid (ρ 1.16 g/mL)
11.4.4.4 Nitric acid (ρ 1.42 g/mL)
11.4.4.5 Sulfuric acid (ρ 1.84 g/mL)
11.4.4.6 Sodium hydroxide solution (40% m/v)
11.4.4.7 Formaldehyde solution (40% v/v).
11.4.4.8 Nitric acid solution (50% v/v)
11.4.4.9 Sodium hypochlorite solution (10% m/v)
11.4.4.10 EDTA solution (2.5% m/v)
11.4.4.11 Copper-DMP reagent
11.5 EXTRACTION
11.6 SAMPLING DETAILS FOR INDIVIDUAL DETERMINATIONS
11.7 FILTRATION OR CENTRIFUGING OF SAMPLES
APPENDIX A
A1 PROCESS CONTROL PROGRAMS
A2 QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION PROGRAMS
A3 PROGRAMS FOR INVESTIGATION OF CAUSES OF POLLUTION
APPENDIX B
B1 GENERAL
B2 DIRECTION OF FLOW
B3 VELOCITY OF FLOW
B4 DISCHARGE RATE
B5 JUSTIFICATION FOR FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN WATER QUALITY CONTROL
B5.1 Treatment plant loads
B5.2 Dilution effects
B5.3 Mass flow calculations
B5.4 Transport of pollutants and rates of recovery
B5.5 Flow-related analytes
B5.6 Groundwaters
B6 METHODS AVAILABLE FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT
APPENDIX C
C1 GENERAL
C2 STATISTICS
C3 SAMPLING
C4 PRESERVATION
APPENDIX D
Cited references in this standard
ISO 7875.2
Water quality—Determination of surfactants, Part 2: Determination of non-ionic surfactants using Dragendorff reagent
ISO 7875.1
Water quality—Determination of surfactants, Part 1: Determination of anionic surfactants by measurement of the methylene blue index (MBAS)
ISO 6107.2
Water quality—Vocabulary, Part 2
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