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AS/NZS 4777.2:2020
[Current]Grid connection of energy systems via inverters, Part 2: Inverter requirements
Specifies device specifications, functionality, testing and compliance requirements for electrical safety and performance for inverters designed to facilitate connectivity between energy sources and/or energy storage systems and the grid, connected at low voltage. Includes electric vehicles operating in a vehicle to grid mode and stand-alone inverters that are connected to an electrical installation that may be connected to the grid at low voltage. KEYWORDS: inverter, energy storage, grid connection
Published: 18/12/2020
Pages: 132
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Application
1.3 Normative references
1.4 Terms and definitions
2 General requirements
2.1 General
2.2 Electrical safety
2.3 Provision for external connections
2.3.1 General
2.3.2 Permanently connected equipment
2.3.3 Pluggable type B equipment
2.3.3.1 General
2.3.3.2 Electric vehicle connections
2.4 Earth fault/earth leakage detection
2.4.1 Photovoltaic (PV) array earth fault/earth leakage detection
2.4.2 Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) earth fault/earth leakage detection
2.5 Compatibility with electrical installation
2.6 Reactive power capability
2.7 Harmonic currents
2.8 Voltage fluctuations and flicker
2.9 Transient voltage limits
2.10 DC current injection
2.11 Current balance for three-phase inverters
2.12 Isolation of energy sources
2.12.1 General
2.12.2 Switch-disconnector
2.12.3 Circuit breaker
2.12.4 PV array ports
2.12.5 Battery system ports
2.13 Measurement accuracy
2.14 Prioritization of protection and operational modes
2.15 Firmware
3 Operational modes and multiple mode inverters
3.1 General
3.2 Inverter demand response modes (DRMs)
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Interaction with demand response enabling device (DRED)
3.3 Inverter power quality response modes
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Volt response modes
3.3.2.1 General
3.3.2.2 Volt–watt response mode
3.3.2.3 Volt–var response mode
3.3.2.4 Voltage balance modes
3.3.3 Fixed power factor mode and reactive power mode
3.3.4 Power rate limit
3.3.4.1 General
3.3.4.2 Gradient of power rate limit
3.3.4.3 Power rate limit modes
3.3.4.3.1 General
3.3.4.3.2 Soft ramp up after connect, reconnect or soft ramp up/down following a response to frequency disturbance
3.3.4.3.3 Changes in a.c. operation and control
3.3.4.3.4 Changes in energy source operation
3.3.4.4 Nonlinearity of power rate limit changes
3.4 Multiple mode inverter operation
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Sinusoidal output in stand-alone mode
3.4.3 Volt–watt response mode for inverters with energy storage when charging
3.4.4 Stand-alone inverters
3.5 Security of operational settings
4 Protective functions for connection to electrical installations and the grid
4.1 General
4.2 Automatic disconnection device
4.3 Active anti-islanding protection
4.4 Voltage and frequency limits (passive anti-islanding protection)
4.5 Limits for sustained operation
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Sustained operation for voltage variations
4.5.3 Sustained operation for frequency variations
4.5.3.1 General
4.5.3.2 Response to a decrease in frequency
4.5.3.2.1 General response to a decrease in frequency
4.5.3.2.2 Response to a decrease in frequency for multiple mode inverters with energy storage
4.5.3.3 Response to an increase in frequency
4.5.3.3.1 General response to an increase in frequency
4.5.3.3.2 Response to an increase in frequency for multiple mode inverters with energy storage
4.5.4 Voltage disturbance withstand
4.5.4.1 General
4.5.4.2 Multiple voltage disturbances
4.5.5 Voltage phase angle shift withstand
4.5.6 Rate of change of frequency
4.6 Disconnection on external signal
4.7 Connection and reconnection procedure
4.8 Security of protection settings
4.9 Activation of protection settings
5 Multiple inverter combinations
5.1 General
5.2 Inverter current balance across multiple phases
5.3 Grid disconnection
5.4 Grid connection and reconnection
5.5 Testing combinations
5.5.1 Single-phase combinations
5.5.2 Single-phase inverters used in three-phase combinations
5.5.3 Required tests for multiple inverter combinations
5.5.4 Multiple inverters with one automatic disconnection device
6 Generation control function
6.1 General
6.2 Generation limit control
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Soft limit
6.2.3 Hard limit
6.3 Export limit control
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Soft limit
6.3.3 Hard limit
7 Inverter marking and documentation
7.1 General
7.2 Marking
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Equipment ratings
7.2.3 Ports
7.2.4 External and ancillary equipment
7.2.5 Residual current devices (RCDs)
7.2.6 Demand response modes
7.3 Documentation
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Equipment ratings
7.3.3 Ports
7.3.4 External and ancillary equipment
7.3.5 Residual current devices (RCDs)
7.3.6 Multiple mode inverters
7.3.7 Multiple inverter combinations
7.3.8 Firmware
Appendix A
A.1 General
A.2 Test conditions
A.3 Inverter set-up
A.4 Grid source
A.5 Energy source
A.6 Reference network impedance
Appendix B
B.1 Test procedure
B.2 Harmonic current limits
B.3 Grid source during harmonic test
B.4 Test report
Appendix C
C.1 General
C.2 Test procedure
C.3 Transient voltage limits
C.4 Test report
Appendix D
D.1 General
D.2 Test procedure
D.3 DC current limits
D.4 Test report
Appendix E
E.1 General
E.2 Test procedures
E.2.1 Test for demand response and disconnection on external signal
E.2.2 Test for disconnection at rated power output
E.2.3 Test for standard operation of generator demand response modes
E.2.4 Test for standard operation of load demand response modes (such as for battery charging)
E.3 Demand response mode limits
E.4 Test report
Appendix F
F.1 Test procedure
F.1.1 Fixed power factor mode
F.1.2 Fixed reactive power mode
F.2 Criteria for acceptance
F.3 Test report
Appendix G
G.1 General
G.2 Test procedure
G.2.1 Volt-watt response mode
G.2.2 Combined volt-var and volt-watt response modes
G.2.3 Volt-watt mode for charging of multiple mode inverters with energy storage
G.3 Criteria for acceptance
G.4 Test report
Appendix H
Appendix I
I.1 General
I.2 Undervoltage and overvoltage trip settings and reconnection test
I.2.1 General
I.2.2 Overvoltage 2 (V > > ) test
I.2.3 Undervoltage 2 (V < < ) test
I.2.4 Undervoltage 1 (V < ) test
I.2.5 Overvoltage 1 (V > ) test
I.2.6 Test report
I.2.7 Criteria for acceptance
I.3 Voltage disturbance withstand tests
I.3.1 Test procedure
I.3.2 Test report
I.3.3 Criteria for acceptance
I.4 Under-frequency and over-frequency trip settings and reconnection test
I.4.1 General
I.4.2 Under-frequency 1 (F < ) test
I.4.3 Over-frequency 1 (F > ) test
I.4.4 Test report
I.4.5 Criteria for acceptance
I.5 Voltage phase angle shift test
I.5.1 General
I.5.2 Test procedure
I.5.3 Test report
I.5.4 Criteria for acceptance
Appendix J
J.1 General
J.2 Sustained operation for voltage variations
J.2.1 General
J.2.2 Test procedure for voltage variations
J.2.3 Criteria for acceptance
J.2.4 Test report
J.3 Sustained operation for frequency variations
J.3.1 General
J.3.2 Test procedure for an increase in frequency for inverters without energy storage
J.3.3 Criteria for acceptance
J.3.4 Test procedure for a decrease in frequency for inverters without energy storage
J.3.5 Criteria for acceptance
J.3.6 Test procedure for an increase in frequency for inverters with energy storage
J.3.7 Criteria for acceptance
J.3.8 Test procedure for a decrease in frequency for inverters with energy storage
J.3.9 Criteria for acceptance
J.3.10 Test report
Appendix K
K.1 General
K.2 Test procedures
K.2.1 Test for single-phase combinations
K.2.2 Test for single-phase inverters used in three-phase combination
K.2.2.1 Test procedure
K.3 Test report
Appendix L
L.1 General
L.2 Generation limit control
L.3 Export limit control
L.4 Testing requirements
L.4.1 General
L.4.2 Test procedure
L.4.2.1 Soft export limit control
L.4.2.2 Hard export limit control
L.4.2.3 Generation limit control
L.4.3 Criteria for acceptance
L.4.4 Test report
Appendix M
M.1 General
M.2 Stand-alone inverter requirements
M.2.1 How to apply this document to stand-alone inverters
M.2.2 General requirements
M.2.2.1 Application
M.2.2.2 Modified requirements for harmonic currents
M.2.2.3 Modified requirements for current balance for three-phase inverters
M.2.2.4 Modified requirements for isolation of energy sources
M.2.2.5 Modified requirements for prioritization of protection and operational modes
M.2.3 Operational modes and multiple mode inverters
M.2.3.1 Application
M.2.3.2 Modified requirements for multiple mode inverters
M.2.3.3 Modified requirements for volt-watt response
M.2.4 Protective functions for connection to electrical installations and the grid
M.2.4.1 Application
M.2.4.2 Modified requirements for protective functions general
M.2.4.3 Modified requirements for automatic disconnection device
M.2.4.4 Modified requirements for active anti-islanding protection
M.2.4.5 Modified requirements for voltage and frequency limits (passive anti-islanding protection)
M.2.4.6 Modified requirements for connection and reconnection procedure
M.2.4.7 Modified requirements for security of protection settings
M.2.4.8 Modified requirements for activation of protection settings
M.2.4.9 Modified requirements for multiple inverter combinations
M.2.4.10 Modified requirements for generation control function
M.2.4.11 Requirements for inverter marking and documentation
M.3 Stand-alone inverter a.c. input port testing requirements
M.3.1 General
M.3.2 RLC load
M.3.3 Test procedure
M.3.3.1 Output from a.c. input port
M.3.3.2 Volt-watt mode for charging of stand-alone inverters
M.4 Criteria for acceptance
M.5 Test report
Bibliography
Amendment control sheet
AS/NZS 4777.2:2020
Amendment No. 1 (October 2021)
Correction amendment
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS), Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
[Current]
Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
[Current]
Grid connection of energy systems via inverters, Part 1: Installation requirements
[Superseded]
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), Part 3.3: Limits — Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection
Content history
[Current]
[Superseded]
DR AS/NZS 4777.2:2020
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