Standard
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AS/NZS 4276.1:2007
[Superseded]Water microbiology, Method 1: General information and procedures (ISO 8199:2005, MOD)
This Standard presents guidance for carrying out manipulations which are common to each technique for the microbiological examination of water, particularly the preparation of samples, culture media and apparatus. It also describes the various enumeration techniques available and the criteria for the choice of a particular technique. This Standard is mainly intended for bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Some aspects are also applicable to viruses and parasites
Published: 20/03/2007
Pages: 39
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Principle
4 General
5 Diluents and culture media
5.1 General
5.1.1 Quality requirements
5.1.2 Sterilization
5.2 Diluents
5.2.1 Saline solution
5.2.2 Peptone diluent
5.2.3 Peptone saline solution
5.2.4 Ringer's solution, quarter-strength
5.2.5 Phosphate buffer solution
5.3 Culture media
6 Sterilization of apparatus and glassware
7 Samples
7.1 Sampling
7.2 Preparation of test sample
8 Enumeration after inoculation of test portions of the sample in (or on) solid media
8.1 Principle
8.2 Procedures
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Choice of technique
8.2.3 Pour plate technique
8.2.3.1 Test portion
8.2.3.2 Inoculation
8.2.4 Spread plate technique
8.2.4.1 Test portion
8.2.4.2 Inoculation
8.2.5 Membrane filtration technique
8.2.5.1 Test portion
8.2.5.2 Filtration
8.2.5.3 Transfer of membrane
8.2.6 Incubation
8.3 Enumeration
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Colonies to be counted and confirmed
8.4 Calculation of results
8.4.1 Principle
8.4.2 General case
8.4.3 Case after identification or confirmation
8.4.4 Special cases
8.4.4.1 All plates of the test sample containing less than 10 colonies
8.4.4.2 No plates containing any colonies
8.4.4.3 More than 200 or 300 colonies with visible typical or confirmed colonies
8.4.4.4 More than 200 or 300 colonies without visible typical or confirmed colonies
8.4.4.5 More than 200 or 300 colonies with visible typical or suspect colonies at all dilutions
9 Enumeration by inoculation in liquid media
9.1 Principle
9.2 Applications
9.2.1 Test for presence or absence of a micro-organism
9.2.2 Estimation of the most probable number (MPN)
9.3 Procedure
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Test portion
9.3.3 Choice of inoculation system
9.3.4 Inoculation in liquid medium
9.3.5 Incubation
9.4 Interpretation of results
9.5 Determination of MPN values
9.5.1 Principle
9.5.2 Mathematical equations
9.5.2.1 Approximate equation for all cases
9.5.2.2 “Exact” solution for one series of tubes
9.5.3 MPN tables
9.5.3.1 General
9.5.3.2 Tables for one set of single-dilution parallel test portions
9.5.3.3 Tables for several dilutions
9.5.4 Computer programmes
9.6 Precision estimates
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Single-dilution assays
9.6.3 Symmetrical multiple-dilution assays
Annex A
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Factors concerning the quality of the result
A.2.1 General
A.2.2 Uncertainty of measurement
A.2.3 Accuracy
A.2.3.1 Principle
A.2.3.2 Trueness
A.2.3.2.1 General
A.2.3.2.2 Quantitative errors
A.2.3.2.3 Qualitative errors
A.2.3.3 Precision
A.2.4 Limit of detection
A.2.4.1 Principle
A.2.4.2 Limit of detection of colony-count procedures
A.2.4.3 Limit of detection with the MPN procedure
A.3 Requirements concerning the nature of the sample
A.3.1 Nature of the micro-organisms
A.3.2 Constituents of water
A.4 Financial requirements
Annex B
Bibliography
Appendix ZZ
ZZ1 Scope
ZZ2 Variations
Cited references in this standard
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