Standard
Track updates
AS/NZS 1680.1:2006
[Pending Revision]Interior and workplace lighting, Part 1: General principles and recommendations
Provides general principles and recommendations for the lighting of building interiors to enhance the performance and comfort of those performing visual tasks. Deals with illuminating essential task details, using both artificial light and daylight, while controlling or excluding factors that might cause visual discomfort.
Published: 21/02/2006
Pages: 118
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Objective
1.3 Referenced documents
1.4 Definitions
2 General requirements of good interior lighting
2.1 The importance of quality lighting
2.2 Objectives of an interior lighting system
2.2.1 Outline
2.2.2 Specific considerations
2.2.2.1 Safety
2.2.2.2 Performance of physical tasks
2.2.2.3 General visual environment
2.3 Other considerations
2.4 Daylight and electric light
3 Task visibility
3.1 Scope
3.2 Visibility and visual performance
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Critical detail
3.3 Luminances in the visual field
3.3.1 Adaptation luminance
3.3.2 Adaptation level
3.3.3 Luminance ratios
3.3.4 Luminance and illuminance
3.4 The effects of illuminance
3.4.1 General working planes
3.4.2 Influence of illuminance on task performance
3.4.2.1 General
3.4.2.2 Importance of the visual component
3.4.2.3 Difficulties associated with the visual component
3.4.3 Influence of illuminance on overall lighting quality
3.5 The use of magnification
3.6 Recommended illuminances
3.7 Maintenance of illuminance
3.8 Uniformity of illuminance
3.8.1 General considerations
3.8.2 General lighting systems
3.8.3 Task area lighting
3.8.4 Combinations of general and local lighting
3.8.5 Adjacent spaces
3.9 Further considerations for task characteristics
3.9.1 Matt tasks
3.9.2 Specular tasks
3.9.3 Gloss tasks and the luminance factor
3.9.4 Surrounds
3.10 Examples of visual performance
3.11 Departures from the recommended maintained illuminances
3.11.1 General comments
3.11.2 Higher values of maintained illuminance
3.11.3 Lower values of maintained illuminance
4 Directional effects of lighting
4.1 General considerations
4.2 Modelling and shadows
4.2.1 Diffuse and directional light
4.2.2 Particular effects
4.2.3 Vector/scalar ratio
4.3 Revealing task characteristics
4.4 Revealing the environment
5 Unwanted reflections
5.1 General considerations
5.2 Relative location of tasks, light sources and screening
5.3 Use of local lighting (increasing task illuminance)
5.4 Limitation of source luminance
5.5 Avoidance of glossy surfaces in visual task surrounds
5.6 Reflections in screen-based equipment
5.7 Contrast rendering factor
6 Surfaces
6.1 General considerations
6.2 Surface reflectances for efficient light distribution
6.3 Surface reflectances for good seeing conditions
6.3.1 Importance of room surface reflectances
6.3.2 Ceilings
6.3.2.1 Introduction
6.3.2.2 Size
6.3.2.3 Reflectance
6.3.2.4 Indirect lighting
6.3.2.5 Acoustic and thermal ceilings
6.3.2.6 Luminous ceilings
6.3.3 Walls
6.3.3.1 Introduction
6.3.3.2 Basic principles
6.3.3.3 Windows and other surface interruptions
6.3.3.4 Specific applications
6.3.3.5 Practical considerations
6.3.4 Floors
6.3.5 Furniture and equipment
6.4 Nature of surface finishes
6.5 Colour of surfaces
6.6 Colour for identification and safety
6.6.1 Basic principles
6.6.2 Standard safety colours
6.6.3 Colour for identification
6.7 Avoiding distracting patterns
7 Light source colour
7.1 General considerations
7.2 Colour appearance of sources
7.3 Colour rendering of sources
7.4 Nature of the task
7.5 Nature of the interior
7.5.1 General considerations
7.5.2 Interior colour schemes
7.6 Compatibility with daylight
7.7 Compatibility with other lamps
7.8 Maintenance
8 Glare and related effects
8.1 General consideration
8.1.1 Introduction
8.1.2 Reduction of glare from windows
8.1.3 Reduction of glare from luminaires
8.2 Disability glare
8.2.1 General principles
8.2.2 Cut-off angles
8.2.2.1 Required cut-off
8.2.2.2 Basis for recommended cut-off angles
8.2.2.3 Built-in lighting
8.3 Discomfort glare
8.3.1 General principles
8.3.2 Systems for the limitation of discomfort glare
8.3.3 The CIE UGR system
8.3.4 Luminaire selection system
8.3.4.1 General
8.3.4.2 Application of system
8.3.4.3 Maximum luminances of luminaires in general lighting systems
8.3.4.4 Types of luminaire
8.3.4.5 Angles requiring luminance limitation
8.3.4.6 Points regarding the use of Tables 8.5 and 8.6
8.3.4.7 Influence of illuminance
8.3.4.8 Maximum luminances for luminous ceilings and indirect lighting systems
8.4 Gloom in interiors
8.5 Transient adaptation effects
9 Light sources, luminaires and control systems
9.1 Scope
9.2 Daylight
9.3 Windows and rooflights
9.4 Electric lamps
9.4.1 Types
9.4.2 Lamp characteristics
9.4.3 Control gear
9.4.4 Flicker
9.4.5 Stroboscopic effects
9.4.6 Electronic control gear
9.4.7 Innovations and trends
9.5 Luminaires
9.5.1 Luminaire Standards
9.5.2 Luminaire characteristics
9.6 Control systems (for electric lighting)
9.6.1 The function of control systems
9.6.2 Switching
9.6.3 Dimming
10 Lighting systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Daylighting systems
10.2.1 General considerations
10.2.2 Windows
10.2.3 The use of windows
10.2.4 Rooflights
10.2.5 Use of rooflights
10.2.6 Glazing recommendations
10.2.7 Control of sunlight penetration
10.3 Electric lighting systems
10.3.1 General comments
10.3.2 General lighting systems
10.3.3 Localized general lighting systems
10.3.4 Local lighting systems
10.3.5 Environmental lighting systems
10.3.6 Emergency evacuation lighting systems
10.3.7 Safety lighting systems
10.3.8 Effect and atmosphere lighting systems
10.4 Methods which can be applied in lighting systems
10.4.1 General comments
10.4.2 Direct lighting
10.4.2.1 Relationship between luminaires and ceiling
10.4.2.2 Flashed luminaires
10.4.2.3 Dark luminaires
10.4.2.4 Luminous ceilings
10.4.3 Indirect lighting
10.4.4 Direct-indirect lighting
10.5 Location of luminaires
10.5.1 General
10.5.2 Illumination of ceilings
10.5.3 Illumination of walls
10.6 Daylight-electric light integration
10.7 Energy-effective lighting
10.7.1 General comments
10.7.2 General measures for energy saving
10.7.2.1 Daylight and energy conservation
10.7.2.2 Integration of lighting and air conditioning
10.7.2.3 Maintenance
10.7.3 Energy savings from reduction in electrical load
10.7.3.1 Lamps and control gear
10.7.3.2 Luminaires
10.7.3.3 Arrangement of luminaires
10.7.3.4 Room surface reflectances
10.7.4 Energy savings from reduction in time of use
10.7.5 Energy calculations
11 Lighting design procedure
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Objectives
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Safety
11.2.3 Identifying visual tasks
11.2.4 Creating appearance and atmosphere
11.2.5 Priorities and constraints
11.3 Specification
11.4 Preliminary design
11.4.1 Introduction
11.4.2 Room surfaces
11.4.3 Daylight
11.4.4 Choice of electric lighting systems
11.4.5 Choice of lamp and luminaire
11.4.5.1 General considerations
11.4.5.2 Choice of lamp
11.4.5.3 Choice of luminaire
11.4.6 Lighting system management
11.5 Detailed design
11.6 Appraisal
12 Maintenance of lighting systems and equipment
12.1 Need for maintenance
12.2 Maintenance of electric lighting systems
12.3 Depreciation and maintenance of windows and rooflights
12.3.1 Causes of light loss
12.3.2 Depreciation due to dirt
12.3.3 Maintenance of windows and rooflights
12.4 Maintenance of room surfaces
12.4.1 Deterioration of room surfaces
12.4.2 Room surface cleaning interval
Appendix A
Appendix B
B1 Introduction
B2 Calculation grids
B3 Measurement
B3.1 Basic considerations
B3.2 Measurement conditions
B3.3 Average illuminance at a workstation
B3.4 Average illuminance and uniformity in an interior
B4 Other illuminance measurements
B4.1 Scalar illuminance
B4.2 Illumination vector
Appendix C
Appendix D
D1 Scope of Appendix
D2 Application of utilization factors
D3 Assumptions used in UF tables
D4 Defining the main room surfaces
D5 Room index
D6 The average reflectance of a surface
D7 Reflectances of practical rooms
D8 Maximum spacing limits for acceptable uniformity
D9 Practical layouts of luminaires
D10 Using a utilization factor table
Appendix E
E1 Colour surfaces
E1.1 Basic considerations
E1.2 Suitable types of colour
E1.3 Suitable colour schemes
E1.3.1 General
E1.3.2 Unity and balance
E1.3.3 Warm and cool colours
E1.3.4 Minimizing distracting detail
E1.3.5 Object colours
E1.3.6 Task colour
Appendix F
Cited references in this standard
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