Standard

Track updates

AS/NZS 1418.10:2025

[Current]

Cranes, hoists and winches, Part 10: Mobile elevating work platforms

AS/NZS 1418.10:2025 addresses the requirements for mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) in general and, in addition, those intended for specific applications such as use near live electrical conductors, or operation in orchards where specific design requirements are necessary to address the risks associated with the intended use

Published: 14/02/2025

Pages: 218

Table of contents

Cited references

Content history

Table of contents

Header

About this publication

Preface

1 Scope and general

1.1 Scope

1.2 Normative references

1.3 Terms and definitions

1.4 New designs, innovations and design methods

2 Design requirements

2.1 Structural and stability calculations

2.1.1 Calculations

2.1.2 Rated capacity

2.1.3 Forces acting on the MEWP structure

2.1.4 Determination of forces acting on the MEWP structure

2.1.4.1 Forces created by rated capacity and structural masses

2.1.4.1.1 Gravitational and dynamic forces

2.1.4.1.2 Load distribution on the work platform

2.1.4.2 Wind forces

2.1.4.2.1 Outdoor MEWPs

2.1.4.2.2 Shape factors applied to surfaces exposed to wind

2.1.4.2.3 Surface area of persons on a work platform exposed to wind

2.1.4.2.4 Tools and equipment on the platform exposed to wind

2.1.4.3 Manual force

2.1.4.4 Special loads and forces

2.1.5 Stability calculations

2.1.5.1 Forces created by structural masses and rated capacity

2.1.5.2 Wind forces

2.1.5.3 Manual forces

2.1.5.4 Special loads and forces

2.1.5.5 Calculation of overturning and stabilizing moments

2.1.5.6 Dynamic stability

2.1.6 Structural calculations

2.1.6.1 General

2.1.6.2 Calculation methods

2.1.6.3 Analysis

2.1.6.3.1 General stress analysis

2.1.6.3.2 Stress analysis methods

2.1.6.3.2.1 Permissible stress method

2.1.6.3.2.2 Limit states method

2.1.6.3.3 Elastic stability analysis

2.1.6.3.4 Fatigue-stress analysis

2.1.6.4 Effects of ambient temperature

2.2 Chassis and stabilizers/outriggers

2.2.1 Travel prevention

2.2.2 Chassis inclination

2.2.2.1 General

2.2.2.1.1 Chassis inclination indicator

2.2.2.1.2 Prevention of elevation

2.2.2.2 Type 1 MEWPs

2.2.2.3 Type 2 MEWPs

2.2.2.3.1 Vehicle-mounted

2.2.2.3.2 Non-vehicle-mounted

2.2.2.4 Type 3 MEWPs

2.2.2.5 Vehicle-mounted MEWPs

2.2.2.6 Protection against damage and interference

2.2.2.7 Platform lowering

2.2.2.8 Verification

2.2.3 Locking pins

2.2.4 Control bars and towbars

2.2.5 Control bars held in vertical position

2.2.6 Support points

2.2.6.1 Stabilizer/outrigger feet

2.2.6.2 Wheels and castors

2.2.7 Permitted work platform positions

2.2.7.1 MEWPs with stabilizing devices or systems

2.2.7.2 MEWPs that operate in a limited range with alternate stabilizing devices

2.2.8 Totally manually powered MEWP

2.2.9 Oscillating axle lock or control systems

2.2.9.1 General

2.2.9.2 Prevention of powered stabilizer/outrigger or chassis levelling system movement

2.2.10 Manually operated stabilizers/outriggers

2.2.11 Self-propelled MEWP brakes

2.2.11.1 General

2.2.11.2 Elevated travel position

2.2.11.3 Lowered travel position

2.2.11.4 Maximum rated speeds

2.2.12 Movement of stabilizers/outriggers

2.2.13 Unauthorized use

2.2.14 Maximum travel speeds in elevated travel position of Type 3 MEWPs

2.2.15 Stopping distances

2.2.16 Maximum travel speed of pedestrian-controlled MEWPs

2.2.17 Guards to protect persons at control positions

2.2.18 Engine exhaust

2.2.19 Filling points for fluids

2.2.20 Battery constraint

2.2.21 Derailment prevention

2.2.22 Vehicle-mounted MEWP chassis selection

2.2.23 Vehicle-mounted MEWP transport position indicators

2.3 Extending structure

2.3.1 Methods to avoid overturning and exceeding permissible stresses

2.3.1.1 General

2.3.1.2 Load-sensing system

2.3.1.3 Position control

2.3.1.3.1 General

2.3.1.3.2 Mechanical limiting devices

2.3.1.3.3 Non-mechanical limiting devices

2.3.1.4 Moment-sensing system

2.3.1.5 Criteria for enhanced stability for limited work platform dimensions

2.3.1.6 Criteria for enhanced overload for limited work platform dimensions

2.3.1.7 Variable working envelope with more than one rated capacity

2.3.1.8 Variable working envelope with one rated capacity

2.3.2 Sequencing of the extending structure

2.3.3 Tilting chassis or superstructure

2.3.4 Trapping and shearing

2.3.5 Supporting the extending structure for routine inspection and maintenance

2.3.6 Speeds of the extending structure

2.3.7 Support in the transport position

2.4 Extending structure drive systems

2.4.1 General

2.4.1.1 Inadvertent movements

2.4.1.2 Protection of the extending structure from power sources

2.4.1.3 Failure of transmission chain or belt

2.4.1.4 Kickback of handles

2.4.1.5 Powered and manual drive systems for the same function

2.4.1.6 Braking system for all drives

2.4.2 Wire rope drive systems

2.4.2.1 Wire rope drive system safety

2.4.2.1.1 General

2.4.2.1.2 Mechanical safety device

2.4.2.1.3 An additional wire rope drive system

2.4.2.2 Load-carrying wire ropes

2.4.2.3 System of multiple wire ropes

2.4.2.4 Re-tensioning wire ropes

2.4.2.5 Terminations of wire ropes

2.4.2.6 Visual examination of wire rope terminations

2.4.2.7 Safety device for MEWPs raised and lowered by wire ropes

2.4.2.8 Rope drum grooves and prevention of rope leaving the ends of drum

2.4.2.9 Layers of rope

2.4.2.10 Turns of rope

2.4.2.11 Fastening rope to drum

2.4.2.12 Unintentional displacement of rope

2.4.2.13 Cross-section of drum grooves

2.4.3 Chain drive systems

2.4.3.1 General

2.4.3.2 Limit of vertical movement in case of failure

2.4.3.2.1 General

2.4.3.2.2 Single-chain drive systems

2.4.3.2.3 Two-chain drive systems

2.4.3.3 Multiple chains attached to a point

2.4.3.4 Tensioning chains

2.4.3.5 Strength of junction between chain and termination

2.4.3.6 Visual examination of chains and terminations

2.4.3.7 Safety device for MEWPs raised and lowered by chains

2.4.3.8 Unintentional displacement of chain

2.4.4 Lead-screw drive systems

2.4.4.1 Lead-screw and nut design stress and material

2.4.4.2 Separation of lead screw from work platform

2.4.4.3 Loadbearing nut and safety nut

2.4.4.4 Detection of wear on loadbearing nuts

2.4.5 Rack and pinion drive systems

2.4.5.1 Design stress of racks and pinions

2.4.5.2 Safety device and overspeed governor

2.4.5.3 Devices to prevent pinion disengagement

2.4.5.4 Visual examination of pinions

2.5 Work platform

2.5.1 Level of work platform

2.5.2 Platform level adjustment

2.5.3 Work platform materials

2.5.4 Guardrail (protection) systems

2.5.4.1 General

2.5.4.2 Folding guardrails

2.5.4.3 Protection of hands

2.5.5 Anchorage(s)

2.5.6 Openings in guardrails for entrance and exit

2.5.7 Floor of work platform

2.5.8 Accessing the work platform

2.5.8.1 Work platform access from the access level

2.5.8.1.1 Access height

2.5.8.1.2 Fully enclosed non-conductive work platforms

2.5.8.1.3 Handrails

2.5.8.2 Access system

2.5.8.2.1 Steps and ladders

2.5.8.2.1.1 Dimensions

2.5.8.2.2 Handrails and handholds

2.5.8.2.2.1 Placement

2.5.8.2.2.2 Cross section

2.5.8.2.2.3 Change of shape at end

2.5.8.2.2.4 Handrail preference

2.5.8.2.2.5 Surface

2.5.8.2.2.6 Strength and stiffness

2.5.8.2.2.7 Installation on moveable parts

2.5.9 Trapdoors

2.5.10 Audible warning device

2.5.11 Means of communication

2.5.12 Mechanical stops

2.5.13 Support in transport position

2.5.14 Exchangeable work platforms

2.6 Controls

2.6.1 General

2.6.2 Activation and operation

2.6.2.1 General

2.6.2.2 Sustained involuntary operation protection

2.6.3 Work platform controls: location, accessibility and protection

2.6.4 Duplicate controls: location, accessibility, protection and selection

2.6.4.1 General

2.6.4.2 Emergency stop control

2.6.4.3 Selector mechanism

2.6.4.4 Selector mechanism key

2.6.4.5 Travel controls

2.6.5 Emergency stops

2.6.6 Electrical switches

2.6.7 Pilot and solenoid valves

2.6.8 Restoration of power after failure of power supply

2.6.9 Auxiliary system

2.6.10 Overriding of functions

2.6.10.1 Overriding of safety functions or devices

2.6.10.2 Overriding of the emergency stop function

2.6.11 Speed restriction

2.6.12 Automatic or programmed operation

2.6.13 Winch control on vehicle-mounted MEWPs

2.6.14 Control systems using encoded data techniques

2.7 Electrical equipment

2.7.1 General

2.7.2 Main switch

2.7.3 Cables

2.7.4 Battery protection

2.7.5 Ingress of water

2.7.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

2.7.7 Hourmeter

2.8 Hydraulic systems

2.8.1 Pressure-limiting device

2.8.2 Strength of pipes and connections

2.8.3 Bursting strength of hoses and fittings

2.8.4 Pressure rating of other components

2.8.5 Gauge connections

2.8.6 Venting of air

2.8.7 Inlet filter

2.8.8 Fluid level indicators

2.8.9 Fluid cleanliness

2.8.10 Gas-loaded accumulators

2.8.11 Incorrect connection of hoses

2.9 Hydraulic cylinders

2.9.1 Structural design

2.9.1.1 General

2.9.1.2 Normal operating conditions

2.9.1.2.1 Buckling

2.9.1.2.2 Constructional details

2.9.1.2.3 Conditions causing pressure above pressure-limiting device pressures

2.9.1.3 Failure conditions

2.9.1.3.1 Oil leaking past piston seals

2.9.1.3.2 Several cylinders operating the same mechanism

2.9.2 Prevention of unintended movement of load-holding cylinders

2.10 Safety devices

3 Verification of the safety requirements or measures or both

3.1 General

3.2 Type tests of MEWPs

3.3 Production tests

3.4 Design check

3.5 Manufacturing check

3.6 Tests

3.6.1 General

3.6.2 Fall-arrest overturning test

3.6.3 Stability tests

3.6.3.1 Static tests

3.6.3.1.1 General

3.6.3.1.2 MEWPs supported on pneumatic tyres

3.6.3.1.3 Vehicle-mounted MEWPs

3.6.3.1.4 Platform deflection test

3.6.3.2 Dynamic tests on Type 2 and 3 MEWPs

3.6.3.2.1 General

3.6.3.2.2 Kerb (obstruction) and depression tests

3.6.3.2.3 Braking tests

3.6.4 Overload test

3.6.5 MEWP functional tests

4 Information for use

4.1 Manuals

4.1.1 General

4.1.2 Maintenance manual

4.1.3 Operator’s manual(s)

4.2 Marking

4.2.1 Manufacturer’s plate

4.2.2 Work platform

4.2.3 Multiple rated capacities

4.2.4 Auxilliary systems

4.2.5 Overriding of functions

4.2.6 Work platform rated capacities

4.2.7 Orchard use

4.2.8 External power supply connections

4.2.9 Detachable parts

4.2.10 Projecting extremities

4.2.11 Wheel/stabilizer/outrigger load

4.2.12 Tyre pressure

4.2.13 Clearances

4.2.14 Maintenance

4.2.15 Stabilizer/outrigger use

4.2.16 Levelling instructions

4.2.17 Pressurized vessel

5 Orchard MEWPs

5.1 General

5.2 Safety requirements and measures for orchard MEWPs

5.2.1 Rated capacity

5.2.2 Fatigue stress analysis

5.2.3 Chassis inclination

5.2.4 Brakes

5.2.5 MEWP speed

5.2.5.1 Maximum travel speed in the elevated position

5.2.5.2 Maximum travel speed in the lowered travel position

5.2.5.3 Speeds of the extending structure

5.2.6 Stopping distances

5.2.7 Load- and moment-sensing systems

5.2.8 Operator platform level control

5.2.9 Guardrail (protection) system

5.2.10 Controls

5.2.10.1 General

5.2.10.2 Foot-operated controls designed for hands-free operation

5.2.10.3 Duplication of controls at the base

5.2.10.4 Simultaneous use of controls

5.2.11 Boom lift systems

5.2.12 Marking

6 Portable MEWPs

6.1 General

6.2 Specific requirements

6.2.1 Assembly

6.2.2 Openings in guardrails for entrance and exit

6.2.3 Controls

6.2.4 Manual descent and emergency retrieval

6.2.5 Design for stability

6.2.5.1 General

6.2.5.2 Stability test

6.2.5.3 Platform deflection test

6.2.5.4 Wind stability

6.2.6 Brakes

6.2.7 Motion limits

7 Insulated MEWPs

7.1 General

7.1.1 Scope of section

7.1.2 Risk considerations

7.1.3 Use

7.1.4 Insulation rating

7.1.5 Materials and construction

7.2 Design

7.2.1 Minimizing risks to operators

7.2.2 Minimizing risks to personnel located at ground level

7.2.3 Minimizing the risk of inadvertent contact between objects at different potential

7.3 Insulated operator’s baskets

7.3.1 Materials

7.3.2 Construction

7.3.2.1 General

7.3.2.2 Drain holes

7.3.3 Insulation criteria

7.3.4 Insulating basket liners for HV live working

7.4 Low-voltage insulated platforms

7.5 Insulation inserts

7.5.1 Length

7.5.1.1 General

7.5.1.2 Creepage distance (C)

7.5.1.3 Air gap (A)

7.5.1.4 Withstand distance (puncture resistance) (B)

7.5.2 Construction

7.6 Insulated covering

7.6.1 General

7.6.2 Extent of cover insulation

7.6.3 Application

7.7 Electrical test points

7.7.1 General

7.7.2 Upper test point

7.7.3 Intermediate test point

7.7.4 Lower test point

7.7.5 Boom insulator surface leakage monitoring electrode(s)

7.7.6 Gradient control devices

7.8 Additional requirements

7.8.1 Load sensing

7.8.2 Criteria for enhanced stability for limited work platform dimensions

7.8.3 Criteria for enhanced overload for limited work platform dimensions

7.8.4 Earthing terminal

7.8.5 Reduction of fire risk

7.8.6 Emergency shut-off

7.8.7 Emergency retrieval

7.8.8 Vacuum exclusion systems

7.8.9 Vertical boom deflection

7.8.10 Lateral boom deflection

7.8.11 Pilot operated controls

7.9 Acceptance testing of electrical insulation

7.9.1 General

7.9.2 Test schedule

7.9.3 Withstand test

7.9.3.1 Dry insulated withstand test

7.9.3.2 Test method

7.9.3.2.1 General

7.9.3.2.2 Procedure

7.9.3.2.3 Pass criteria

7.9.3.3 Withstand test for low-voltage MEWPs

7.9.3.3.1 Purpose

7.9.3.3.2 MEWP set-up

7.9.3.3.3 Test method

7.9.3.3.4 Pass criteria

7.9.4 Total leakage current test

7.9.4.1 Purpose

7.9.4.2 MEWP set-up

7.9.4.3 Test method

7.9.4.4 Pass criteria

7.9.4.5 Test record

7.9.5 Boom insert surface leakage test for MEWPs fitted with test electrodes in accordance with Clause 7.7.5

7.9.5.1 Purpose

7.9.5.2 Test method

7.9.5.2.1 General

7.9.5.2.2 Procedure

7.9.5.3 Pass criteria

7.9.5.4 Additional test for boom inserts with multiple insulation ratings

7.9.6 Low-voltage insulating covering test (all MEWPs)

7.9.6.1 Purpose

7.9.6.2 Test method

7.9.6.3 Pass criteria

7.9.7 Basket vertical withstand test

7.9.7.1 Purpose

7.9.7.2 Test set-up

7.9.7.3 Test method

7.9.7.4 Pass criteria

7.9.8 Basket puncture test

7.9.8.1 Purpose

7.9.8.2 Test method

7.9.8.3 Pass criteria

7.9.9 HV live work liner puncture test

7.9.9.1 Purpose

7.9.9.2 Test method

7.9.9.3 Pass criteria

7.9.10 Hydrophobicity test for wet-rated MEWPs (reference only)

7.9.10.1 Purpose

7.9.10.2 Test method

7.9.10.3 Pass criteria

7.9.11 Wet insert withstand and leakage current test

7.9.11.1 Purpose

7.9.11.2 Apparatus

7.9.11.3 MEWP set-up

7.9.11.4 Test method

7.9.11.5 Pass criteria

7.9.12 Basket wet vertical withstand test

7.9.12.1 Purpose

7.9.12.2 Test method

7.9.12.3 Pass criteria

7.9.13 Insulating inserts rain test for rain-rated MEWPs

7.9.13.1 Purpose

7.9.13.2 MEWP set-up

7.9.13.3 Test method

7.9.13.4 Pass criteria

7.9.14 Basket rain vertical withstand test (for rain-rated MEWPs only)

7.9.14.1 Purpose

7.9.14.2 Test method

7.9.14.3 Pass criteria

7.9.15 Certification notices

7.9.16 Insulation marking system

7.9.16.1 Purpose

7.9.16.2 Insulation rating

7.9.17 Labels

7.9.17.1 Insulation rating labels

7.9.17.2 Insulator location identifiers

7.9.17.3 Insulation covering labels

7.9.17.4 Uninsulated label

7.9.17.5 Colours

7.9.18 Electrical test reports

Appendix A

Appendix B

B.1 General

B.2 Insulation rating

B.3 Chassis insulation

B.4 Total leakage current test

B.5 Wet-rated MEWPs

B.6 Rain-rated MEWPs

B.7 Insulated baskets

B.8 Defined test procedures

B.9 Identified hazards

B.10 Application to MEWPs designed to previous editions of this document

Appendix C

C.1 Stability calculations

C.2 Structural calculations

Appendix D

D.1 General

D.2 Calculation example 1 — z factor, kerb obstacle collision

D.3 Calculation example 2 — z factor, braking deceleration

Appendix E

Appendix F

F.1 General

F.2 MEWPs on wheels (with pneumatic tyres)

F.2.1 MEWPs on wheels (tyres) without suspension or with the suspension locked (see Figure F.2.1)

F.2.2 MEWPs on wheels with the suspension unlocked (see Figure F.2.2)

F.3 MEWPs on outriggers (see Figure F.3)

F.4 MEWPs on outriggers and wheels

Appendix G

G.1 General

G.2 System design requirements

G.3 Risk assessment

G.4 Construction

G.5 Covers, guards and enclosures

G.6 Instructions

Appendix H

H.1 Introduction

H.2 Essential characters of orchard MEWPs

H.2.1 Controls

H.2.2 Platform guardrail

H.2.3 Operation on slopes

H.2.4 Load and moment monitoring

H.2.5 Fall-arrest system

H.2.6 Access gate in the top guardrail

H.2.7 Travel speeds in the elevated position

H.2.8 Travel speed in the lowered travel position

H.2.9 Mass of an operator

H.2.10 Travel and lift controls used concurrently

Appendix I

Appendix J

Appendix K

Appendix L

L.1 General

L.1.1 Use

L.1.2 Work procedures

L.2 Selection of insulated MEWPs for work on or near exposed energized overhead powerlines

L.2.1 General

L.2.2 Insulation rating

L.2.3 Environmental conditions

L.3 Siting

L.4 Periodic testing of insulated MEWPs

L.4.1 General

L.4.1.1 Test regime

L.4.1.2 Test frequency

L.4.1.2.1 Periodic tests

L.4.1.2.2 Acceptance tests

L.4.1.3 MEWP general set-up for all tests

L.4.1.4 Tests of longer duration

L.4.2 Withstand tests

L.4.2.1 Dry withstand test for insulating inserts

L.4.2.2 MEWP set-up

L.4.2.3 Test method

L.4.2.4 Pass criteria

L.4.2.5 Withstand test for LV rated MEWPs without inserts

L.4.2.6 MEWP set-up

L.4.2.7 Test method

L.4.2.8 Pass criteria

L.4.3 Dry total leakage current test for chassis insulation inserts

L.4.3.1 Purpose

L.4.3.2 MEWP set-up

L.4.3.3 Test method

L.4.3.4 Pass criteria

L.4.4 Dry leakage current tests for boom insulation inserts

L.4.4.1 Purpose

L.4.4.2 Option 1 — a.c. leakage current test for MEWPs of Category C not fitted with test electrodes in accordance with Clause 7.7.5

L.4.4.2.1 MEWP set-up

L.4.4.2.2 Test method

L.4.4.2.3 Pass criteria

L.4.4.3 Option 2 — d.c. leakage current test

L.4.4.3.1 MEWP set-up

L.4.4.3.2 Test method

L.4.4.3.3 Pass criteria

L.4.4.4 Option 3 — a.c. surface leakage test for MEWPs fitted with test electrodes in accordance with Clause 7.7.5

L.4.4.4.1 MEWP set-up

L.4.4.4.2 Test method

L.4.4.4.3 Pass criteria

L.4.5 Cover insulation test

L.4.5.1 Purpose

L.4.5.2 Test method

L.4.5.3 Pass criteria

L.4.6 Basket vertical withstand test

L.4.6.1 Purpose

L.4.6.2 Test set-up

L.4.6.3 Test method

L.4.6.4 Pass criteria

L.4.7 Basket puncture test

L.4.7.1 Purpose

L.4.7.2 Test set-up

L.4.7.3 Test method

L.4.7.4 Pass criteria

L.4.8 HV live work liner puncture test

L.4.8.1 Purpose

L.4.8.2 Test method

L.4.8.3 Pass criteria

L.4.9 Hydrophobicity test for wet and rain-rated MEWPs (reference only)

L.4.9.1 Purpose

L.4.9.2 Test method

L.4.9.3 Pass criteria

L.4.10 Wet insert withstand and leakage current test

L.4.10.1 Purpose

L.4.10.2 Apparatus

L.4.10.3 MEWP set-up

L.4.10.4 Test method

L.4.10.5 Pass criteria

L.4.11 Basket wet vertical withstand test

L.4.11.1 Purpose

L.4.11.2 Test set-up

L.4.11.3 Test method

L.4.11.4 Pass criteria

L.4.12 Test report

L.5 Unscheduled checks

L.5.1 General

L.5.2 Unscheduled check procedures

L.6 Alterations, modification and significant repairs of insulation systems

L.6.1 General

L.6.2 Alterations

L.6.3 Modifications

L.6.4 Significant repairs

L.7 Maintenance of insulation components

L.8 Actions following breach or failure of the insulation under operating conditions

Appendix M

Appendix N

N.1 General

N.2 Worked example

Appendix O

O.1 Introduction

O.2 Guidance for selection of S class

O.3 Stress history parameters

O.3.1 General procedure

O.3.2 Direct calculation of stress history class

O.3.3 Simplified method to determine stress history class

Appendix P

P.1 General

P.2 Calculation of service life of wire rope drive systems

P.3 Calculation of rope diameters (coefficient c)

P.4 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys [coefficient (h1·h2)]

P.5 Efficiency of wire rope drive systems

Appendix Q

Q.1 Method used to determine the coefficients and ratios used for Clause 2.4.2 (wire rope drive systems) using the load cycle figures set out in Clause 2.1.6 and operating speeds set out in Clause 2.3.6

Q.1.1 General

Q.1.2 Notes

Q.1.3 Appendix P (normative) method summarized

Q.1.4 Calculation example

Q.1.4.1 General

Q.1.4.2 Mode of operation (drive group)

Q.1.4.3 Calculation of minimum rope diameter

Q.1.4.4 Working coefficients

Q.2 Calculation of the diameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys

Bibliography

Cited references in this standard

AS 1418.1:2021