Standard
UPDATE AVAILABLE
Track updates
AS 5100.2:2017
[Current]Bridge design, Part 2: Design loads
Provides minimum design loads, forces and load effects for road, rail, pedestrian and cyclist path bridges, and other associated structures.
Published: 31/03/2017
Pages: 126
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 General
1.3 Special studies
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Notation
5 Matters for resolution before design commences
6 Dead loads (G)
6.1 General
6.2 Dead load of structure
6.3 Superimposed dead load (Gs)
6.4 Soil and groundwater loads on retaining walls and buried structures (Ge)
6.5 Rail ballast and track loads (Gb)
7 Road traffic (Q)
7.1 General
7.2 SM1600 loads
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 W80 wheel load
7.2.3 A160 axle load
7.2.4 M1600 moving traffic load
7.2.5 S1600 stationary traffic load
7.3 Heavy load platform
7.4 Rail traffic
7.5 Standard design lanes
7.6 Accompanying lane factors
7.7 Dynamic load allowance
7.7.1 General
7.7.2 Magnitude
7.7.3 Application
7.7.4 Dynamic load reversal
7.8 Horizontal forces
7.8.1 Centrifugal forces
7.8.2 Braking forces
7.9 Fatigue load effects
7.10 Load factors
7.11 Deflection of superstructure
7.12 Distribution of road traffic loads through fill
8 Pedestrian, cyclist path and maintenance traffic (Q)
8.1 Pedestrian and cyclist path loads
8.2 Maintenance load on service walkways not intended for public use
8.3 Load factors
8.4 Deflection
9 Rail traffic (Q)
9.1 General
9.2 300LA design rail traffic load
9.3 Light rail traffic design load
9.4 Multiple track factor for rail bridges
9.5 Dynamic load allowance
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Characteristic length (Lα)
9.5.3 Dynamic load allowance (α) for bending moment
9.5.4 Dynamic load allowance (α) for other load effects
9.5.5 Application
9.5.6 Dynamic load reversal
9.6 Distribution of rail traffic load
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Open deck steel rail bridges
9.6.3 Ballasted deck steel rail bridges
9.6.4 Ballasted deck concrete rail bridges
9.6.5 Direct fixation
9.7 Horizontal forces
9.7.1 Centrifugal forces
9.7.2 Braking and traction forces
9.7.2.1 General
9.7.2.2 Empirical method
9.7.2.3 Rational method
9.7.2.4 Distribution of forces
9.7.3 Nosing loads
9.7.4 Loads on ballast kerbs
9.8 Fatigue load
9.8.1 General
9.8.2 Empirical method
9.8.2.1 General requirements
9.8.2.2 Fatigue design rail traffic load
9.8.2.3 Fatigue design stress range (f*)
9.8.2.4 Effective number of stress cycles (n)
9.8.2.5 Base number of load cycles (CT)
9.8.3 Rational method
9.8.4
9.8.5 Multiple track bridges
9.9 Load factors
9.10 Deflection limits
10 Minimum restraint load
11 Collision loads
11.1 General
11.2 Collision load from road traffic
11.3 Loads on protection beams
11.4 Collision load from rail traffic
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Collision loads on support elements
11.4.2.1 General
11.4.2.2 Frangible pier
11.4.2.3 Support within 10 m of track centre-line
11.4.2.4 Support elements located between 10 m and 20 m from track centre-line.
11.4.3 Bridge and structural components within 10 m of the centre-line of the rail track
11.4.4 Through-type rail bridge superstructures
11.4.4.1 General
11.4.4.2 Collision loads within the bridge
11.4.4.3 Protection against head-on collision with the end of the through-girder, arch or truss
11.5 Derailment loads
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Derailment load case A
11.5.3 Derailment load case B
11.5.4 Derailment kerbs
11.6 Collision from waterway traffic
12 Kerb and barrier design loads and other requirements for road traffic bridges
12.1 Kerb design loads
12.2 Barriers
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Traffic barrier design loads
12.2.3 Effective height
12.2.4 Connection
12.2.5 Continuity
12.3 Bridge deck
12.4 Expansion joints and end barriers
12.4.1 Post and rail type barriers
12.4.2 Rigid barrier at a movement joint
12.5 Pedestrian and cyclist path barrier load
13 Dynamic behaviour
13.1 General
13.2 Road bridges
13.2.1 With walkways
13.2.2 Without walkways
13.2.3 Detailed dynamic analysis
13.3 Rail bridges
13.4 Pedestrian and cyclist path bridges
13.4.1 General
13.4.2 Maximum vertical acceleration
13.5 Special structures
14 Earth pressure from traffic loads
14.1 General
14.2 Surcharge loads from road traffic
14.3 Surcharge loads from rail traffic
15 Earthquake effects
15.1 General
15.2 Force-based principles
15.2.1 Analysis principles
15.2.2 Seismic weight distribution
15.3 Force-based design procedure
15.4 Bridge earthquake design categories (BEDC) and analysis requirements
15.4.1 BEDC classification
15.4.2 Requirements for BEDC-1
15.4.3 Requirements for BEDC-2
15.4.4 Requirements for BEDC-3
15.4.5 Requirements for BEDC-4
15.5 Design performance level
15.6 Probability factor (kp) and design seismic hazard factor (Z)
15.7 Site subsoil class
15.8 Acceleration spectral shape factor [Ch(T)]
15.9 Seismic acceleration for earthquake response
15.9.1 Seismic acceleration for elastic horizontal earthquake response
15.9.2 Seismic acceleration for ductile horizontal earthquake response
15.9.3 Seismic acceleration for elastic vertical earthquake response
15.10 Earthquake forces determined from static analysis
15.10.1 Bridge frame horizontal earthquake force
15.10.2 Bridge frame vertical earthquake force
15.10.3 Distribution of the bridge frame earthquake force
15.11 Earthquake forces determined from dynamic analysis
15.12 Seismic displacements
15.13 P-Δ moments
15.14 Required strength of bridge members
15.15 Design abutment forces
15.16 Structural detailing requirements for earthquake moments
15.16.1 General
15.16.2 Deck joints and bearings
15.16.3 Pile to pile cap ductile connections
16 Forces resulting from water flow
16.1 General
16.2 Water flow velocity
16.3 Limit states
16.3.1 ULSs
16.3.2 SLSs
16.4 Forces on piers due to water flow
16.4.1 Drag forces on piers
16.4.2 Side forces on piers
16.5 Forces on superstructures due to water flow
16.5.1 General
16.5.2 Drag force on superstructures
16.5.3 Lift force on superstructures
16.5.4 Moment on a superstructure
16.5.5 Loads on superstructures with superelevation
16.6 Forces due to debris
16.6.1 Depth of debris mat
16.6.2 Debris acting on piers
16.6.3 Debris acting on superstructures
16.6.4 Calculation of debris load
16.7 Forces due to moving objects
16.7.1 General
16.7.2 Log impact
16.7.3 Large item impact
16.8 Effects due to buoyancy and lift
17 Wind loads
17.1 General
17.2 Design wind speed
17.2.1 General
17.2.2 Average return interval
17.3 Transverse wind load
17.3.1 Calculation of transverse wind load
17.3.2 Area of structure for calculation of transverse wind load (At)
17.3.3 Drag coefficient (Cd)
17.4 Longitudinal wind load
17.5 Vertical wind load
17.6 Wind load on rail traffic
17.7 Combination of wind loads
18 Thermal effects
18.1 General
18.2 Variation in average bridge temperature
18.3 Differential temperature
18.4 Limit states
19 Shrinkage, creep and prestress effects
19.1 Shrinkage and creep effects
19.2 Prestress effects (PS)
20 Differential movement of supports
20.1 Differential settlement effects
20.2 Mining subsidence effects
21 Forces from bearings
22 Construction forces and effects
22.1 General
22.2 Minimum construction design loads
22.2.1 All bridges
22.2.2 Launching phase of an incrementally launched prestressed concrete bridges
22.3 Temporary structures
23 Load combinations
23.1 Classification of loads and load effects
23.1.1 General
23.1.2 Permanent effects (PE)
23.1.3 Thermal effects
23.1.4 Transient effects
23.2 Minimum strength and stability
23.3 ULS load combinations
23.4 SLS load combinations
24 Road signs and lighting structures
24.1 General
24.2 ULS design
24.3 SLS design
24.3.1 SLS design wind speed
24.3.2 Portal sign structures
24.3.3 Cantilever sign structures
24.4 Fatigue limit state design
24.5 Service live load on walkways
25 Noise barriers and protection screens
25.1 General
25.2 Design life
25.3 Wind load on noise barriers and protection screens
25.3.1 General
25.3.2 Average recurrence interval (ARI)
25.3.3 Change in terrain category
25.3.4 Shielding multiplier (Ms)
25.3.5 Topographic multiplier
25.3.6 Net pressure for hoardings and freestanding walls
25.3.7 Free ends
25.3.8 Serviceability design
25.4 Robustness design loads
25.4.1 Protection screens
25.4.2 Noise barriers
26 Fire effects
Appendix A
A1 Scope
A2 Design loads for special performance level barriers
A3 Effective heights
Appendix B
B1 General
B2 Displacement-based principles
B2.1 Analysis principles
B2.2 Seismic mass distribution
B3 Displacement-based design procedure
B4 Bridge earthquake design categories (BEDC) and analysis requirements
B4.1 BEDC classification
B4.2 Requirements for BEDC-1
B4.3 Requirements for BEDC-2
B4.4 Requirements for BEDC-3
B4.5 Requirements for BEDC-4
B5 Design performance level
B6 Probability factor (kp) and hazard factor (Z)
B7 Site subsoil class
B8 Elastic seismic displacement spectral shape factor [Δh(T)]
B9 Seismic displacement demand for earthquake response
B9.1 Elastic seismic displacement demand for horizontal earthquake response
B9.2 Ductile seismic displacement demand for horizontal earthquake response
B9.3 Elastic seismic displacement demand for vertical earthquake response
B10 Pier displacement capacity
B10.1 Yield displacement capacity of piers
B10.2 Ductile displacement capacity of piers
B10.2.1 General
B10.2.2 Strain limits for damage control performance level
B10.2.3 Strain limits for service (immediate use) performance level
B10.3 Displacement capacity of a bridge frame in the transverse direction
B11 Criteria for exemption from ductile earthquake design
B11.1 General
B11.2 Bridge frames under longitudinal response and bridge frames with uniform mass and stiffness distributions under transverse response
B11.3 Bridge frames with non-uniform mass and stiffness distributions
B12 Ductile earthquake design of bridge frames
B12.1 Representation of a bridge frame as an equivalent single degree of freedom structure
B12.2 Design horizontal earthquake force from displacement-based design analysis
B12.3 Bridge frame characteristic horizontal seismic displacement demand in the transverse direction
B12.4 Equivalent bridge frame stiffness
B12.5 Bridge frame effective mass
B12.6 Bridge frame equivalent fundamental natural period
B12.7 Bridge frame equivalent viscous damping ratio
B12.8 Equivalent viscous damping ratio of component actions
B12.9 Distribution of design horizontal force
B12.10 Pier displacement ductility
B13 Vertical earthquake response
B14 P-Δ effects
B15 Required strength of bridge members
B15.1 Required moment capacity
B15.1.1 At potential plastic hinge locations
B15.1.2 At other locations
B15.2 Material properties for seismic design
B15.3 Capacity design
B16 Design abutment forces
B17 Structural detailing requirements for earthquake effects
B17.1 General
B17.2 Deck joints and bearings
B17.3 Pile to pile cap ductile connections
B17.4 Ductile welded connections
Appendix C
Appendix D
Bibliography
Amendment control sheet
AS 5100.2:2017
Amendment No. 1 (2017)
Correction
Amendment No. 2 (2024)
Revised text amendment
Cited references in this standard
Content history
[Current]
[Current]
[Superseded]
DR AS 5100.2:2016
One-time Purchase
Access via web browser on any device
One-time purchase
Single publication
Offline access via PDF^
$282.89 AUD
Inclusive of GSTFormat *
Web Reader
Licenses *
1 user
Total$282.89 AUD
IMPORTANT