Interim Standard
Track updates
AS 3610.2 (Int):2023
[Current]Formwork for concrete, Part 2: Design and construction
This Standard sets out the minimum requirements for the design, erection and, where applicable, removal of formwork and the supporting falsework for cast in situ concrete
Published: 22/12/2023
Pages: 130
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Application
1.3 Normative references
1.4 Terms and definitions
1.5 New designs and innovations
1.6 Notation
2 Design requirements
2.1 Scope of section
2.2 Project and construction requirements
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Additional construction requirements
2.2.2.1 General
2.2.2.2 Foundations and footings
2.3 Structural requirements
2.3.1 General
2.3.2 Serviceability
2.3.3 Stability
2.3.4 Strength
2.3.4.1 General
2.3.4.2 Unanticipated load redistribution factor (γd)
2.3.5 Structural integrity
2.3.6 Deterioration
2.4 Formwork design verification
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Minimum requirements
3 Design actions and action combinations
3.1 Scope of section
3.2 Actions
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Permanent actions
3.2.2.1 Formwork (Gf)
3.2.2.2 Placed concrete (Gc)
3.2.2.3 Elements of the permanent structure (Gs)
3.2.3 Variable actions
3.2.3.1 Workers and their equipment (Qw)
3.2.3.2 Stacked materials (Qm)
3.2.3.3 Horizontal imposed actions on formwork (Qh)
3.2.3.4 Vertical and horizontal imposed actions on guardrails (Qg)
3.2.3.5 Other actions (Qx)
3.2.3.6 Environmental actions
3.2.3.6.1 General
3.2.3.6.2 Wind (Wu, Ws)
3.2.3.6.3 Snow (Fsn)
3.2.3.6.4 Earthquake (Eu)
3.2.3.6.5 Water (Fw, Fd)
3.2.3.7 Lateral concrete pressure (Pc)
3.2.3.8 Dynamic concrete forces
3.2.4 Unintended actions
3.2.4.1 Horizontal Impact (Ih)
3.2.4.2 Vertical Impact (Iv)
3.3 Combinations of actions
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Stability limit states
3.3.3 Strength limit states
3.3.4 Serviceability limit states
3.3.5 Robustness
4 Structural analysis
4.1 General
4.2 Formwork
4.3 Falsework
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Methods of structural analysis
4.3.3 Imperfections
4.3.3.1 Global imperfections (out-of-plumb)
4.3.3.2 Compression member imperfections
4.3.4 Eccentricities
4.3.4.1 Eccentricity of actions
4.3.4.2 Bracing members
4.3.4.3 Spigot joints
4.3.5 Analysis of falsework
4.3.5.1 General
4.3.5.2 Linear Analysis (LA)
4.3.5.3 Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA)
4.3.5.4 Geometric Nonlinear Analysis (GNA)
4.3.5.5 Geometric and Material Nonlinear Analysis with Imperfections (GMNIA)
4.3.6 Falsework classification
5 Design
5.1 General
5.2 Formwork
5.3 Falsework
5.3.1 Member action effects
5.3.1.1 General
5.3.1.2 Moment amplification
5.3.2 Design criteria
5.3.2.1 General
5.3.2.2 Design based on LA or GNA analysis
5.3.2.2.1 Design to AS 4100
5.3.2.2.2 Design to AS/NZS 4600
5.3.2.2.3 Design to AS/NZS 1664.1
5.3.2.2.4 Effective lengths
5.3.2.3 Design based on GMNIA analysis
5.3.2.4 Serviceability limit state
5.3.3 Working load limit
6 Construction
6.1 Scope of section
6.2 Application of section
6.3 General requirements
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Stages of construction
6.3.3 Access and edge protection
6.3.3.1 Access
6.3.3.2 Edge protection
6.3.3.3 Omission of edge protection
6.3.4 Components
6.3.4.1 General
6.3.4.2 Mixing of components
6.3.5 Materials
6.3.5.1 General
6.3.5.2 Unidentified components and materials
6.3.5.3 Environmental effects on components and materials
6.4 Formwork construction — in situ concrete
6.4.1 Stage 1 of construction — Formwork erection
6.4.1.1 General
6.4.1.2 Foundations
6.4.1.3 Footings
6.4.1.4 Adjustment devices
6.4.1.5 Formwork assembly
6.4.1.6 Stability
6.4.1.7 Deviation indicators
6.4.1.8 Forms
6.4.2 Stage 1 of construction — Formwork inspection
6.4.2.1 General
6.4.2.2 Formwork documentation
6.4.2.3 Inspection during erection
6.4.2.4 Inspection of formwork prior to placement of concrete
6.4.2.5 Non-conformance
6.4.3 Stage 2 of construction — Concrete placement
6.4.3.1 Safety considerations
6.4.3.2 Surface finish
6.4.4 Stage 3 of construction — After placement of concrete and formwork stripping
6.4.4.1 Construction loads
6.4.4.2 Stripping times
6.4.4.3 Stripping procedures
6.4.5 Multistorey supports
6.4.5.1 General
6.4.5.2 Reshoring
7 Special structures and construction methods
7.1 Scope of section
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Special methods of formwork construction
7.1.3 Special formwork structures
7.2 Special methods of formwork construction
7.2.1 Single-sided wall formwork
7.2.1.1 General
7.2.1.2 Documentation
7.2.1.2.1 General
7.2.1.2.2 Formwork documentation
7.2.1.2.3 Project documentation
7.2.1.3 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.2.1.4 Construction
7.2.1.4.1 General
7.2.1.4.2 Concrete delivery
7.2.1.4.3 Anchorage
7.2.1.5 Materials
7.2.2 Slip formwork
7.2.2.1 General
7.2.2.2 Documentation
7.2.2.2.1 General
7.2.2.2.2 Vertical slip-forming
7.2.2.2.3 Horizontal and sloping slip-forming
7.2.2.3 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.2.2.3.1 General
7.2.2.3.2 Stacked material (Qm)
7.2.2.3.3 Slide friction (Xf)
7.2.2.3.4 Incremental lateral concrete pressure (Pc.inc)
7.2.2.3.5 Slip-form slide speed (Sv)
7.2.2.4 Construction
7.2.2.4.1 General
7.2.2.4.2 Slip-form movement process
7.2.2.4.3 Slip-form stripping
7.2.2.4.4 Slip-form deviation
7.2.2.4.5 Slip-form height
7.2.2.5 Materials
7.2.3 Jump Formwork
7.2.3.1 General
7.2.3.2 Documentation
7.2.3.2.1 General
7.2.3.2.2 Formwork documentation
7.2.3.2.3 Project documentation
7.2.3.3 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.2.3.3.1 General
7.2.3.3.2 Actions for jump-form construction phases
7.2.3.3.3 Interaction of jump formwork system with supporting structure
7.2.3.3.4 Jump formwork crane lifting
7.2.3.4 Construction
7.2.3.4.1 General
7.2.3.4.2 Jump-form construction phases
7.2.3.4.3 Jump-form alignment
7.2.3.4.4 Self-climbing systems
7.2.3.4.5 Crane-lifted systems
7.2.3.5 Materials
7.2.4 Precast concrete as formwork
7.2.4.1 General
7.2.4.2 Documentation
7.2.4.2.1 General
7.2.4.2.2 Formwork documentation
7.2.4.2.3 Project documentation
7.2.4.3 Design
7.2.4.4 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.2.4.4.1 General
7.2.4.4.2 Variable vertical actions for precast as formwork
7.2.4.4.3 Weight of workers and equipment for precast as formwork
7.2.4.4.4 Concrete ponding on precast as formwork (Gp)
7.2.4.4.5 Concrete mounding on precast as formwork (Qc)
7.2.4.4.6 Lateral concrete pressure on precast formwork
7.2.4.5 Construction
7.2.4.6 Materials
7.2.5 Permanent formwork
7.2.5.1 General
7.2.5.2 Documentation
7.2.5.2.1 General
7.2.5.2.2 Formwork documentation
7.2.5.2.3 Project documentation
7.2.5.2.4 Proprietary documentation
7.2.5.3 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.2.5.3.1 General
7.2.5.3.2 Variable vertical actions for long-span permanent formwork
7.2.5.3.3 Local deformation of permanent formwork
7.2.5.3.4 Pre-cambered permanent formwork
7.2.5.3.5 Buckling from indirect loads
7.2.5.3.6 Permanent formwork continuity with construction constraints
7.2.5.3.7 Supporting structure for flexible forms
7.2.5.3.8 Void form
7.2.5.4 Construction
7.2.5.4.1 General
7.2.5.4.2 Rigid permanent formwork
7.2.5.4.3 Flexible permanent formwork
7.2.5.5 Materials
7.2.6 Travelling formwork
7.2.6.1 General
7.2.6.2 Documentation
7.2.6.2.1 General
7.2.6.2.2 Formwork documentation
7.2.6.2.3 Project documentation
7.2.6.2.4 Proprietary documentation
7.2.6.3 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.2.6.3.1 General
7.2.6.3.2 Travelling formwork crane lifting
7.2.6.3.3 Travelling formwork movement and handling
7.2.6.3.4 Travelling formwork stripping
7.2.6.3.5 Travelling formwork concrete placement
7.2.6.3.6 Design for reuse
7.2.6.4 Construction
7.2.6.4.1 General
7.2.6.4.2 Movement of travelling formwork
7.2.6.4.3 Stripping
7.2.6.4.4 Concrete placing sequence
7.2.6.5 Materials
7.3 Special formwork structures — Underground structures
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Documentation
7.3.3 Actions, combinations and allowances
7.3.3.1 General
7.3.3.2 Flotation
7.3.3.3 External vibration
7.3.3.4 Over-break allowance
7.3.3.5 Pump inlet pressure (Qp)
7.3.4 Construction
7.3.4.1 General
7.3.4.2 Concrete placement
7.3.4.3 Pressure relief
7.3.4.4 Stripping times
7.3.4.5 Vibration effects
7.3.5 Materials
Appendix A
A.1 Scope
A.2 Application
A.3 Testing of formwork components and assemblies
A.4 Destructive testing
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Principle
A.4.3 Sample size
A.4.4 Calculation of load capacities
A.4.4.1 Test data
A.4.4.2 Analysis of test data
A.4.4.3 Calculation of strength limit state load capacity (φRu)
A.4.4.4 Derivation of working load capacity
A.4.4.5 Future use of components and assemblies subject to this test
A.5 Non-destructive testing
A.5.1 General
A.5.2 Principle
A.5.3 Documentation
A.5.4 Sample size
A.5.5 Test load
A.5.5.1 General
A.5.5.2 Modification factor
A.5.6 Evaluation of test results
A.5.7 Future use of components or assemblies subject to this test
A.6 Test report
Appendix B
B.1 General
B.2 Principle
B.3 Apparatus
B.4 Procedures for testing of frames
B.4.1 Test B1 — When the load eccentricities are parallel to the multi-level frame
B.4.1.1 Test arrangement
B.4.1.2 Method of loading
B.4.1.3 Deflection measurement
B.4.2 Test B2 — When the load eccentricities are at right angles to the multi-level frames
B.4.2.1 Test arrangement
B.4.2.2 Method of loading
B.4.2.3 Deflection measurement
B.5 Acceptance criteria
B.6 Derivation of the working load capacity
B.7 Test report
Appendix C
C.1 General
C.2 Principle
C.3 Apparatus
C.4 Procedure for testing props
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Deflection measurement
C.4.3 Method of loading
C.4.4 Determination of test results
C.5 Procedure for testing prop pins
C.6 Acceptance criteria
C.7 Test report
Appendix D
D.1 General
D.2 Principle
D.3 Properties
D.4 Evaluation
D.4.1 Performance criteria
D.4.2 Acceptance criteria
D.5 Testing
D.5.1 Apparatus
D.5.2 Procedure
D.5.3 Report
Appendix E
Appendix F
F.1 General
F.2 Effective elastic axial stiffness of multistorey supports
F.3 Slab elastic flexural stiffness
F.4 Preload
F.5 Changes in ambient temperature
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Aluminium structures, Part 1: Limit state design - Commentary (Supplement 1 to AS/NZS 1664.1:1997)
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