Standard
UPDATE AVAILABLE
AS 3500.4-1994
[Superseded]National Plumbing and Drainage Code, Part 4: Hot water supply systems
Specifies uniform requirements for the installation of water heaters and hot water reticulation. Account has been taken of the current regulations of the water, gas and electricity supply authorities and local government bodies in each State and Territory of Australia.
Published: 19/09/1994
Pages: 91
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
PREFACE
FOREWORD
1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 New materials and methods
1.2.3 Unusual installations
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
1.6 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
1.7 WATER QUALITY
1.8 EQUIVALENT PIPE SIZES
1.9 FIRE RESISTANCE LEVEL (FRL)
1.10 WATER TEMPERATURE
1.10.1 Storage temperature
1.10.2 Sanitary fixtures delivery temperature (see Figure 1.1)
2 MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
2.2 PIPES AND FITTINGS
2.2.1 Copper pipes
2.2.2 Copper alloy pipes
2.2.3 Copper alloy fittings
2.2.4 Galvanized steel
2.2.5 Polybutylene (PB)
2.2.6 Polyethylene (PE)
2.2.7 Cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X)
2.2.8 Polypropylene (PP-R)
2.2.9 Stainless steel
2.2.9.1 Specifications
2.2.9.2 Limitations on use
2.3 CISTERN (COLD WATER STORAGE TANK) MATERIALS
2.3.1 Copper
2.3.2 Galvanized steel
2.3.3 Stainless steel
2.3.4 Other materials
2.4 SAFE TRAY AND SAFE WASTES MATERIALS
2.4.1 Safe tray
2.4.2 Safe wastes
2.5 JOINTING PRODUCTS
2.5.1 Rubber rings
2.5.2 Rubber gaskets
2.5.3 Silver brazing alloy
2.5.3.1 Copper and copper alloys
2.5.3.2 Stainless steels
2.5.4 Solders
2.5.5 Filler rods for stainless steel joints
2.6 BEDDING MATERIAL
2.7 BACKFILL MATERIAL
2.8 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.8.1 Timber
2.8.2 Thermal insulation
2.8.3 External protective coatings
3 INSTALLATION OF COLD AND HOT WATER PIPEWORK AND CONTROLS
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
3.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
3.2.1 Electrical earthing
3.2.2 Proximity to electrical cables and gas pipes
3.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.3.1 Methods of jointing
3.3.1.1 General
3.3.1.2 Prohibited methods
3.3.1.3 Threading
3.3.1.4 Compression-type fittings
3.3.1.5 Flanged joints
3.3.1.6 Jointing of stainless steel pipes larger than DN 25
3.3.1.7 Alternative jointing
3.3.2 Support and fixing above ground
3.3.2.1 General
3.3.2.2 Brackets, clips and hangers
3.3.2.3 Prohibited supports
3.3.2.4 Spacing
3.3.3 Securing of pipes and fittings
3.3.4 Location of pipework
3.3.4.1 Wall cavities
3.3.4.2 Chases, ducts or conduits
3.3.4.3 Under concrete slabs
3.3.4.4 Pipes on exterior wall surfaces
3.3.4.5 Protection during building construction
3.3.4.6 Floor or roof penetrations
3.3.5 Pipes in corrosive or contaminated areas
3.3.6 Pipes in water-charged or filled ground
3.3.7 Cross-connection control and backflow prevention
3.3.8 Depth of cover
3.4 PROTECTION AGAINST FREEZING
3.4.1 Requirement for protection
3.4.2 Piping located outside buildings
3.4.3 Pipes located on metal roofs
3.4.4 Pipes located inside buildings
3.4.4.1 General
3.4.4.2 Pipes in unheated roof spaces
3.4.4.3 Pipes adjacent to external walls
3.4.5 Insulation of pipework
3.5 COLD WATER CONTROLS AND PIPING
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Cold water cisterns
3.5.2.1 General
3.5.2.2 Cistern capacity
3.5.2.3 Cistern overflow
3.5.2.4 Position of cistern
3.5.3 Safe tray for cold water cistern
3.5.4 Support for separately mounted cisterns
3.5.4.1 Platform
3.5.4.2 Spacing between cold water cistern and safe tray
3.5.5 Support for externally mounted cisterns
3.5.5.1 Cold water cisterns
3.5.5.2 Cisterns for solar heaters
3.6 INSTALLATION OF HOT WATER SUPPLY
3.6.1 Layout and size
3.6.2 Identification
3.6.3 Provision for expansion
3.6.3.1 General
3.6.3.2 Expansion of fixed offsets
3.6.3.3 U bends, coiled loops, offsets and lyre bends
3.6.3.4 Placement of bends and offsets
3.6.4 Gradient
3.6.5 Maximum rise of hot water supply pipes
3.6.6 Shower assemblies
3.6.7 Venting of secondary circuit
3.6.8 Terminal fittings
3.7 THERMOSTATIC MIXING VALVES
3.7.1 Installation instructions
3.7.2 Commissioning instructions
3.7.3 Guidelines for maintenance instructions
3.8 TEMPERATURE CONTROL DEVICES
4 INSTALLATION OF WATER HEATERS OTHER THAN SOLAR HEATERS
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
4.2 WATER HEATERS
4.2.1 Water heaters
4.2.2 Selection of anode
4.2.3 Working pressure
4.2.4 Auxiliary controls
4.3 LOCATION
4.3.1 Placement
4.3.2 Minimum head
4.3.3 Accessibility and clearances
4.3.4 Ventilation and fluing
4.4 PROTECTION AGAINST DAMAGE FROM LEAKING WATER
4.4.1 Concealed water containers
4.4.2 Unconcealed storage water containers
4.4.3 Safe tray construction
4.4.4 Safe wastes
4.4.4.1 Sizes of safe wastes
4.4.4.2 Safe waste construction
4.4.4.3 Safe waste installation
4.4.5 Placement of water heater or cistern on a safe tray
4.5 SUPPORT
4.5.1 Support of water containers installed in a roof
4.5.2 Support of water containers installed above a roof
4.5.3 Support of water containers installed other than in a roof space or above a roof
4.6 CORROSION PREVENTION AND WEATHER PROTECTION
4.6.1 Water heater base—corrosion avoidance
4.6.2 Weather protection of externally installed water heaters
4.7 CONNECTIONS TO WATER HEATERS
4.8 PRESSURE RELIEF AND VENTING OF WATER HEATERS AND CONTAINERS
4.9 VALVES
4.9.1 General
4.9.2 Required set pressure of valves (for unvented water heaters)
4.9.3 Installation of valves
4.10 MULTIPLE INSTALLATIONS OF PRESSURE-TYPE STORAGE WATER HEATERS
4.10.1 General
4.10.2 Balanced flow conditions
4.10.3 Positioning and sizing of pressure control valves
4.11 MULTIPLE INSTANTANEOUS WATER HEATERS
4.12 RELIEF AND EXPANSION VALVE DRAIN LINES
4.12.1 Size and material
4.12.2 Interconnection of drain lines
4.12.2.1 Individual water heaters
4.12.2.2 Multiple relief valves
4.12.3 Installation
4.12.4 Common stack discharge
4.12.5 Tundish drain lines
4.12.6 Areas subject to freezing
4.13 VENT PIPES
4.13.1 Installation
4.13.2 Termination of vent pipe
4.13.3 Cistern-fed water heaters (other than side-fed types)
4.13.4 Vented storage water heaters, inlet pressure-controlled
5 SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS
5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
5.2 GENERAL
5.2.1 Solar hot water systems
5.2.2 Location
5.3 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM CONTAINER
5.3.1 Solar hot water system containers
5.3.2 Containers installed on or above a roof
5.3.2.1 Support
5.3.2.2 Protection of externally mounted containers
5.3.3 Protection against damage from leaking water
5.3.3.1 Provision of safe tray
5.3.3.2 Construction
5.3.3.3 Placement of container on safe tray
5.3.4 Connections to containers
5.3.5 Pressure relief and venting of containers
5.3.6 Valves
5.3.7 Relief and expansion valve drain lines
5.3.8 Vent pipes
5.4 INSTALLATION OF COLLECTORS
5.4.1 Positioning
5.4.1.1 Shade
5.4.1.2 Relative to container
5.4.1.3 Orientation (southern hemisphere)
5.4.1.4 Inclination
5.4.2 Provision for removal of collector
5.4.3 Mountings
5.4.3.1 Manufacturer’s instructions
5.4.3.2 Method of mounting
5.4.4 Precautions
5.4.4.1 Frost-prone areas
5.4.4.2 Water salinity
5.4.4.3 Water hardness
5.4.4.4 Cyclonic areas
5.4.4.5 Hail-prone areas
5.5 INSTALLATION OF CLOSE-COUPLED AND INTEGRAL SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Roof mountings and supports
5.5.3 Supplementary heating connections
5.6 THERMOSIPHON FLOW SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS WITH REMOTE CONTAINERS
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Supplementary heating connections
5.6.3 Primary circuit flow and return pipes
5.6.3.1 Pipes and fittings
5.6.3.2 Installation of primary pipes
5.7 SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS WITH FORCED PRIMARY CIRCULATION
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Primary circulation pump
5.7.2.1 Construction
5.7.2.2 Duty
5.7.2.3 Pump head
5.7.2.4 Larger installations
5.7.3 Pump installation
5.7.4 Primary circuit flow and return pipes
5.7.5 Supplementary external heating
5.8 SOLAR WATER HEATERS USED AS PREHEATERS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Installation of solar preheaters—cistern-fed water heaters
5.8.3 Installation of solar preheaters—mains pressure and reduced-pressure water heaters
5.8.3.1 New buildings installation
5.8.3.2 Existing systems installation
5.8.4 Suitable types of existing heaters
5.9 MULTIPLE SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEMS INSTALLATIONS
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Thermosiphon systems—series connection
5.9.3 Thermosiphon systems—parallel connection of more than five units
5.9.4 Pumped systems—series and series-parallel connection
5.9.5 Pumped systems—parallel connection
5.10 SUPPLEMENTARY HEATING
5.10.1 Thermal capacity
5.10.2 Thermostat setting
5.10.3 Drain connection
5.10.4 Heating tube
5.10.5 Heating by instantaneous water heater
5.11 UNCONTROLLED SUPPLEMENTARY HEATERS
5.12 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR/ELECTRIC WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
5.12.1 Circuit
5.12.2 Isolation switch label
5.13 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR/GAS WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
5.14 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR/SOLID FUEL WATER HEATING SYSTEMS (INCLUDING SLOW COMBUSTION COOKERS FITTED WITH WATER-HEATING EQUIPMENT)
5.15 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR/OIL-FIRED WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
6 ENERGY SOURCES AND HEAT RETENTION
6.1 CONTROLLED ENERGY SOURCES
6.1.1 Scope of Section
6.1.2 Electric supply
6.1.3 Gas-fired water heaters
6.1.3.1 Installation
6.1.3.2 Suitability for gas type
6.1.4 Oil-fired water heaters
6.2 WATER HEATERS WITH UNCONTROLLED ENERGY SOURCE
6.2.1 Installation
6.2.2 Supplementary external heating
6.2.3 Provision for drainage
6.3 HEAT RETENTION
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Lagging to be provided
6.3.3 Lagging exposed to the weather
6.3.4 Lagging of buried piping
6.3.5 Lagging of encased piping
6.3.6 Piping to be lagged
7 HOT WATER SERVICES FOR THE DISABLED
7.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
7.2 GENERAL
7.3 BASINS
7.4 SHOWERS
8 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING
8.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
8.2 FLUSHING
8.3 TESTING
8.4 COMMISSIONING
8.5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
9.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
9.2 GENERAL
9.3 MAINTENANCE OF HOT WATER SERVICES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
D1 WATER ANALYSIS
D2 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS)
D3 SCALING PROPERTIES
D4 WATER pH
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
G1 GENERAL
G2 VOLUMETRIC STORAGE CAPACITY
G3 RECOMMENDED OPERATING TEMPERATURE
G4 COMBINED TEMPERATURE/PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
G5 COLLECTOR/CONTAINER SIZE RATIO
G5.1 Normal conditions
G5.2 Non-optimum conditions
APPENDIX H
H1 GENERAL
H2 SUPPORT
H2.1 ‘With pitch’ installations
H2.2 ‘Against pitch’ installations
H2.3 ‘Cross pitch’ installations
H3 POINTS TO NOTE
APPENDIX I
I1 GENERAL
I2 SUN LOCATOR
I3 APPROXIMATE METHOD OF DETERMINING SOLAR ALTITUDE
APPENDIX J
J1
J2
APPENDIX K
APPENDIX L
L1 GENERAL
L2 ANTICIPATED SOLAR FRACTION
L3 SOLAR RADIATION DATA
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Continuous hot-dip metallic coated steel sheet and strip — Coatings of zinc and zinc alloyed with aluminium and magnesium
[Superseded]
Pipe threads of Whitworth form, Part 1: Sealing pipe threads (metric units)
AS 1415
Unplasticized PVC (UPVC) pipes and fittings for soil, waste and vent (SWV) applications
[Withdrawn]
Wrought alloy steels — Stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip
Content history
[Superseded]
[Available Superseded]
[Withdrawn]
[Withdrawn]
[Withdrawn]
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