Standard
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AS 2316.1.1:2021
[Current]Artificial climbing structures and challenge courses, Part 1.1: Safety requirements and test methods for belayed climbing and abseiling structures
AS 2316.1.1 specifies the minimum requirements for the design, construction, operation, supervision levels, maintenance and testing of belayed artificial climbing structures (ACS) and abseiling structures and associated components.
Published: 30/06/2021
Pages: 49
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Introduction
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 General
1.1.2 Inclusions
1.1.3 Exclusions
1.2 Normative references
1.3 Terms and definitions
2 Design, construction and equipment requirements
2.1 Structural and other requirements
2.2 Determination of the strength and stability of an ACS
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Design and frequency of inspection
2.2.3 Determination of strength
2.2.3.1 General
2.2.3.2 Loadings
2.2.3.3 Combination of loads
2.2.4 Determination of stability
2.3 Surface integrity of the ACS surface
2.4 Equipment
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Identification
2.4.3 Ropes, cables or webbing
2.4.4 Harnesses
2.4.5 Harness attachment methods
2.4.5.1 Top-rope
2.4.5.2 Lead climbing
2.4.6 Knots
2.4.7 Karabiners and connectors
2.4.8 Helmets
2.4.9 Equipment belonging to users
2.4.10 Anchors
2.4.11 Ground anchors
2.4.12 Lead anchors
2.4.12.1 General
2.4.12.2 First lead anchor
2.4.12.3 Subsequent lead anchors
2.4.13 Top-rope anchor system
2.4.14 Marking
2.4.15 Geometrical requirements
2.4.16 Geometrical requirements for equipment — Minimum curve radius
2.5 Assembly and installation
2.6 Proof testing
2.6.1 First installation of ACS
2.6.2 Subsequent inspection, maintenance and testing
2.7 Surface finishes and entrapment hazards
2.8 Floor or ground surfacing and impact attenuation
2.8.1 General requirements
2.8.1.1 Continuity of the impact attenuation system
2.8.1.2 Tripping hazards
2.8.1.3 Limb entrapment
2.8.1.4 Abrasion and projection hazards
2.8.1.5 Inhalation hazard
2.8.1.6 Performance information
2.8.2 Specific requirements for impact attenuation
2.8.3 Test conditions
2.8.3.1 Pre-installation testing
2.8.3.2 Onsite testing
2.8.3.2.1 Certification testing
2.8.3.2.2 Recurring testing
2.9 Impact area
2.9.1 General
2.9.2 Impact area dimension — Ground
2.10 Documentation
2.11 Instruction manual
3 Belay systems
3.1 General requirements
3.2 Equipment
3.2.1 Belay devices
3.2.2 Abseiling devices
3.2.3 Uni-directional friction devices
3.2.4 Ground anchor slings
3.2.5 Auto-belay devices
3.3 Activities and belay systems
3.3.1 Top-roping
3.3.2 Lead climbing
3.3.3 Auto-belaying
3.3.4 Abseiling
4 Inspection and maintenance
4.1 Testing and inspection
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Commissioning
4.1.3 Routine visual inspection
4.1.4 Operational inspection
4.1.5 Comprehensive annual inspection
4.1.6 Anchorages — Proof testing
4.1.7 Route setting
4.1.8 Maintenance, repair, replacement and alteration
4.2 Inspection and maintenance records
4.3 Retirement of equipment from service
5 Management and operational procedures
5.1 General
5.2 Supervision
5.3 Competencies
5.4 Rules
5.5 First time user induction
5.6 Spectators
5.7 First aid
5.8 Emergency
Appendix A
A.1 General
A.2 Test samples
A.3 Procedure
A.4 Test results
Appendix B
B.1 Procedure for all proof testing
B.2 Test of anchors
B.2.1 Force application
B.2.2 Components to be tested
B.2.3 Multiple floor and top-rope anchors
B.2.4 Test report
B.3 Test of surface integrity
B.3.1 Force application
B.3.2 Components to be tested
B.3.3 Test report
B.4 Test of hold insert resistance
B.4.1 Force application
B.4.2 Components to be tested
B.4.3 Test report
Appendix C
C.1 General
C.2 Impact strength test
C.2.1 Basis for test
C.2.2 Test apparatus
C.2.3 Sampling
C.2.4 Procedure
C.2.5 Test results
Appendix D
D.1 Scope
D.2 Principle
D.3 Apparatus
D.3.1 Fall test headform
D.3.2 Accelerometer
D.3.3 Impact measurement equipment
D.4 Test procedure
D.4.1 Selecting the test position
D.4.1.1 Pre-installation testing
D.4.1.2 Onsite testing
D.4.2 Specific test procedures
D.5 Calculation of results
D.5.1 Gmax
D.5.2 t2 – t1
D.5.3 HIC
D.6 Test report
Appendix E
E.1 General
E.2 Preliminary checks
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Personal fall-arrest systems - Part 5: Connectors with self-closing and self-locking gates
EN 12277
Mountaineering equipment — Harnesses — Safety requirements and test methods
EN 12275
Mountaineering equipment — Connectors — Safety requirements and test methods
EN 1891
Personal protective equipment for the prevention of falls from a height — Low stretch kernmantel ropes
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