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AS 2118.1:2017
[Current]Automatic fire sprinkler systems, Part 1: General systems
AS 2118.1 2017 specifies general requirements for the design, installation and commissioning of automatic fire sprinkler systems in buildings. KEYWORDS: Fire sprinkler system standards.
Published: 14/09/2017
Pages: 457
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Introduction
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Normative references
1.3 Definitions
2 Classification of sprinkler systems and design data
2.1 Classification of systems
2.2 Classification of occupancies
2.3 Types of sprinkler systems
2.3.1 General requirements
2.3.1.1 General
2.3.1.2 Wet systems [see Clause 1.3.40(a)]
2.3.1.3 Alternate wet and dry systems [see Clause 1.3.40(b)]
2.3.1.4 Dry systems [see Clause 1.3.40(c)]
2.3.1.5 Pre-action systems [see Clause 1.3.40(d)]
2.3.1.5.1 General
2.3.1.5.2 Pre-action sprinkler system configurations
2.3.1.5.3 Pre-action detection system
2.3.1.5.4 Pilot sprinklers
2.3.1.6 Recycling pre-action systems [see Clause 1.3.40(e)]
2.3.1.7 Deluge systems [see Clause 1.3.40(f)]
2.3.1.8 Tail-end systems [see Clause 1.3.40(g)]
2.3.1.9 Tail-end anti-freeze solution systems [see Clause 1.3.40(h)]
2.3.1.10 Sprinkler compatibility
3 Installation
3.1 Sprinkler-protected buildings
3.1.1 Extent of protection
3.1.2 Classification as sprinkler-protected building
3.1.3 Safety and compatibility — Omitted protection
3.2 Protection against exposure hazards
3.2.1 Extent of application
3.2.2 Sprinklers
3.2.3 Shielding
3.2.4 Sprinkler spacing and location
3.2.5 Piping
3.2.6 Performance
3.2.7 Water supply
3.3 Alarm signalling
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Transmission of the alarm signal
3.3.2.1 General
3.3.2.2 Grouped alarms
3.3.2.3 Signal to monitoring centre
3.3.2.4 Identification
3.3.2.5 Placarding
3.3.3 Integrity and transmission paths
3.3.4 Labelling of control equipment
3.4 Local alarm
3.5 System component monitoring
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Monitoring devices
3.5.2.1 General
3.5.2.2 Class A monitoring devices
3.5.2.3 Class B monitoring devices
3.5.3 Systems to be monitored
3.5.4 Components to be monitored
3.5.5 Installation
4 Water supplies
4.1 Water sources
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Acceptable water
4.2 Water supply
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Water supply requirements
4.2.2.1 Flow and residual pressure
4.2.2.2 Acceptable water supplies
4.2.3 Pressure considerations
4.2.4 Additives
4.2.5 Backflow prevention
4.2.6 Shared water supplies
4.2.7 Automatic inflow water supply
4.3 Water supply from reticulated town main
4.3.1 General
4.3.1.1 Metering
4.3.2 Pumps drawing from a town main supply
4.3.3 Break tanks
4.4 Water supply from private on-site water main
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Pumps drawing from a private on-site water main supply
4.5 Water supply from pump suction tank
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Concrete tanks
4.5.3 Steel tanks
4.5.4 Water storage tank
4.5.4.1 Accessories
4.5.4.2 Tank filling
4.5.4.3 Tank suction
4.5.4.4 Water conservation
4.5.5 Effective capacity
4.5.6 Pumps drawing from pump suction tanks
4.5.7 Capacity for other purposes
4.6 Water supply from elevated private reservoir or gravity tank
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Capacity for other purposes
4.7 Water supply from elevated private reservoir or gravity tank with automatic pumps
4.8 Water supply from natural source
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Pumps drawing from a natural source
4.9 Pump system design and installation
4.9.1 Pumpset configurations
4.9.1.1 Single supply
4.9.1.2 Dual supply
4.9.2 General
4.9.3 Pump operating conditions
4.9.4 Suction piping
4.9.5 Pumpset performance criteria
4.10 Pump start controllers
4.11 Dual water supplies
4.11.1 General
4.11.2 Arrangements
4.11.2.1 Independent arrangement
4.11.2.2 Individual connections
4.11.2.3 Pumps
4.11.2.4 Tanks
4.12 Proving of water supplies
4.13 Connections for other services
4.13.1 General
4.13.2 Combined sprinkler and hydrant water supply
4.13.3 Combined sprinkler system types — Water supply
4.13.4 Fire hose reel connections
4.14 Fire brigade booster assembly
4.14.1 Booster inlets
4.14.2 Suction connections
5 Spacing and location of sprinklers
5.1 Standard spacing
5.2 Staggered spacing
5.3 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers
5.4 Minimum distance from walls
5.5 Location of sprinklers (other than sidewall sprinklers)
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Walls and partitions
5.5.3 Ceilings, roofs and underside of stairs
5.6 Spacing and location of sidewall sprinklers
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Maximum spacing of sidewall sprinklers
5.6.3 Distance between rows of sprinklers
5.7 Obstructions to sprinkler discharge
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Upright and pendent sprinklers
5.7.3 Sidewall sprinklers
5.7.4 Upright and pendent sprinklers near columns
5.7.5 Sidewall sprinklers near columns
5.7.6 Roof trusses
5.7.7 Clear space below sprinklers
5.7.8 Obstructions in clear space
5.7.9 Obstructions under sprinklers
5.7.9.1 General
5.7.9.2 Overhead platforms
5.7.9.3 Ducts, bulkheads and beams
5.7.9.4 Suspended ceilings
5.7.9.5 Suspended open grid ceilings
5.7.9.6 Hoods over papermaking machines
5.7.9.7 Storage racks
5.7.10 Shadowed areas
5.7.11 Ceiling pockets
5.7.11.1 General
5.7.11.2 Where sprinklers other than residential sprinkler heads are used
5.7.11.3 Where residential sprinkler heads are used
5.8 Concealed spaces
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Spaces under ground floors
5.8.3 Protection criteria
5.8.4 Hydraulic design — Concealed spaces
5.8.5 Deformable ceilings
5.9 Special considerations (supplementary protection) for required sprinkler systems
5.9.1 Machinery pits and production lines
5.9.2 Hoists, lift shafts, building services shafts and enclosed chutes
5.9.3 Elevators, rope or strap races, exhaust ducts, gearing boxes and dust receivers
5.9.4 Corn, rice, provender and oil mills
5.9.5 Bins and silos
5.9.6 Escalators
5.9.7 Canopies
5.9.8 Roof overhang
5.9.9 Exterior docks and platforms
5.9.10 Covered balconies
5.9.11 Enclosed paint lines, drying ovens, drying enclosures
5.9.12 Spray booths
5.9.13 Oil and flammable liquid hazards
5.9.14 Commercial type cooking equipment and associated ventilation systems
5.9.15 Air-handling plant
5.9.15.1 Location of sprinklers
5.9.15.2 Exceptions
5.9.16 Computer rooms and other electronic equipment rooms
5.9.16.1 Location of sprinklers
5.9.16.2 Raised floor spaces
5.9.17 Cupboards and wardrobes, showers and toilet cubicles
5.9.18 Film and television production studios
5.9.19 Theatres and music halls (protection on the stage side of the proscenium wall)
5.9.20 Cold storage warehouse
5.9.20.1 General
5.9.20.2 Piping within the cold chamber
5.9.21 Impulse (jet) fans
6 Sprinkler and multiple controls
6.1 General
6.2 Types of sprinklers
6.3 Hydraulic characteristics of sprinklers
6.4 Application of sprinkler types
6.5 Temperature ratings
6.6 Colour coding
6.7 Stock of replacement sprinklers
6.8 Anti-corrosion treatment of sprinklers
6.9 Sprinkler guards
6.10 Escutcheon plate assemblies
6.11 Protection against frost
7 Piping
7.1 Pipe and pipe fittings
7.2 Hydraulic test pressure
7.3 Piping in non-sprinkler-protected buildings
7.4 Hazardous processes and explosion hazard — special precautions concerning piping and valves
7.5 Drainage
7.5.1 Wet system piping
7.5.2 Pre-action, dry or alternate wet and dry system piping
7.6 Flexible tube assemblies
7.7 Orifice plates
7.8 Support of sprinkler piping
7.8.1 General
7.8.2 Design
7.8.3 Corrosion protection of pipe supports
7.8.4 Requirements for pipe support components
7.8.4.1 Hook bolts
7.8.4.2 U-bolts and bolts clamping down
7.8.4.3 U-bolts clamping up
7.8.4.4 U-hangers (clips)
7.8.4.5 Cantilever type supports, saddle brackets, girder or beam clamps
7.8.4.6 Pipe bands
7.8.4.7 Pipe support beams (trapeze bar)
7.8.4.8 Threaded rod, bolts and studs
7.8.4.8.1 Threaded rod, bolts and studs in suspension
7.8.4.8.2 Threaded rod in other orientations
7.8.5 Fixing of pipe supports
7.8.5.1 General
7.8.5.2 Fixing to concrete, brick or masonry
7.8.5.3 Fixing to timber
7.8.5.4 Explosive fastener fixing to steel
7.8.6 Spacing of supports
7.8.7 Location of supports
7.8.7.1 General
7.8.7.2 Change of direction
7.8.7.3 Range pipes
7.8.7.4 Distribution pipes
7.8.7.5 Distribution main
7.8.7.6 Risers
7.8.8 Verification of design
7.8.8.1 General
7.8.8.2 Verification test
7.8.8.2.1 General
7.8.8.2.2 Test
7.9 Installation — general
7.9.1 Pipes and pipe fittings
7.9.1.1 Pipes above ground
7.9.1.2 Pipes below ground
7.9.2 Welding of piping
7.9.3 Hydrostatic pressure test
7.9.4 Pneumatic leak test
7.9.5 Embedding of piping
7.9.6 Corrosion protection of piping
7.9.7 Facilities for flushing piping
7.9.8 Prohibited use of piping
7.9.8.1 Electrical earth
7.9.8.2 Hoisting
7.10 Installation — steel piping
7.10.1 Pipes and pipe fittings
7.10.1.1 General
7.10.1.2 Pipes above ground
7.10.1.3 Pipes below ground
7.10.2 Pipe jointing
7.10.2.1 Welded joints
7.10.2.2 Roll-grooved fittings
7.10.2.3 Threaded fittings
7.11 Installation — light wall steel piping
7.11.1 Pipes
7.11.1.1 Pipes above ground
7.11.1.2 Pipes below ground
7.11.2 Pipe jointing
7.11.2.1 Welded joints
7.11.2.2 Roll-grooved fittings
7.11.2.3 Threaded fittings
7.11.2.4 Other pipe jointing methods
7.11.2.5 Fittings
7.11.3 Corrosion protection — Pipes above ground
7.12 Installation — copper piping
7.12.1 Pipes and pipe fittings
7.12.2 Pipes above ground
7.12.3 Pipes below ground
7.12.4 Pipe jointing
7.12.4.1 Brazing
7.12.4.2 Manipulated joints
7.12.4.3 Capillary fittings
7.12.4.4 Compression fittings
7.12.4.5 Press fittings
7.12.5 Pipe bending
7.13 Installation — plastic piping
7.13.1 Plastic piping above ground
7.13.1.1 General
7.13.1.2 Pipe and pipe fittings above ground
7.13.1.3 Installation restrictions
7.13.1.4 Pipe storage
7.13.1.5 Jointing
7.13.1.6 Threaded connections
7.13.2 Plastics piping below ground
8 Valves, ancillary equipment and baseline data
8.1 Control assemblies
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Designated site and building entry points
8.1.3 Control assembly accessibility and clearance
8.1.4 Component accessibility and clearance
8.2 Stop valves
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Main stop valves
8.2.3 Stop valves controlling water supplies (baseline data)
8.2.4 Subsidiary stop valves
8.3 Block plan (baseline data)
8.4 Location plate (baseline data)
8.5 Emergency instructions (baseline data)
8.6 Pressure gauge schedule (baseline data)
8.7 Water supply and sprinkler system valve list (baseline data)
8.8 Stop, drain and test valves, and alarm cocks
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Condensate drain assembly
8.9 Non-return (back-pressure) valves
8.10 Alarm valves
8.10.1 Alarm valves (wet)
8.10.2 Alarm valves (dry)
8.10.3 Composite alarm valves
8.10.4 Accelerators or exhausters for alarm valves (dry system)
8.10.5 Identification of control assemblies
8.11 Pressure management stations (baseline data)
8.12 Deluge and pre-action valves
8.12.1 Deluge valves
8.12.2 Pre-action valves
8.13 Alarm devices
8.13.1 General
8.13.2 Prevention of false alarms
8.13.3 Local alarms
8.13.3.1 General
8.13.3.2 Height above valve
8.13.3.3 Piping finish and size
8.13.3.4 Drainage provisions
8.13.3.5 Alarm valves bypassed
8.13.4 Fire alarm signal
8.13.5 System interface alarm signal
8.13.6 Lock-open valve
8.13.7 Testing of alarm devices
8.14 Remote test valves
8.15 Pressure gauges
9 Light hazard class systems
9.1 General
9.2 Design data
9.3 Water supply
9.3.1 Flow and pressure requirements
9.3.2 Water storage capacity
9.3.3 Additional storage capacity
9.3.4 Pump suction tanks
9.3.5 Pumpsets
9.3.6 Proving of water supplies
9.4 Sprinklers
9.4.1 Size and type
9.4.2 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
9.4.3 Reduced coverage
9.4.4 Maximum spacing
9.4.5 Residential sprinklers
9.4.5.1 General
9.4.5.2 Obstructions to water distribution
9.5 Piping
9.5.1 Pipe types
9.5.2 Pipe sizes
9.5.3 Hydraulic calculations
9.5.4 Concealed spaces
10 Ordinary hazard class systems
10.1 General
10.2 Design data
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Sprinklers under flat roofs and ceilings
10.2.3 Sprinklers under sloping roofs and in bays
10.3 Water supplies
10.3.1 Flow and pressure requirements
10.3.1.1 General
10.3.1.2 Water storage capacity
10.3.2 Additional storage capacity
10.3.3 Pump suction tanks
10.3.4 Pumpsets
10.3.5 Proving of water supplies
10.4 Sprinklers
10.4.1 Size and type
10.4.2 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
10.4.3 Reduced coverage
10.4.4 Maximum spacing
10.4.5 Minimum spacing
10.4.6 Maximum distance from walls and partitions (see also Clauses 5.5 and 5.6)
10.5 Piping
10.5.1 Pipe types
10.5.2 Pipe sizes
10.5.3 Hydraulic calculations
10.5.4 Concealed spaces
10.6 Car stackers
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Sprinkler design criteria
10.6.2.1 Ceiling sprinkler design
10.6.2.2 Sprinklers location within stackers
10.6.2.2.1 Fully automated multiple row stackers
10.6.2.2.2 Fully automated single row stackers
10.6.2.2.3 Manual two-high with pit stackers
10.6.2.2.4 Semi-automatic multi-directional two high stackers
10.6.2.3 Within stacker sprinkler type
10.6.2.4 Within stacker sprinkler design
10.7 Incidental residential storage for class 2 or 3 buildings
10.7.1 General
10.7.2 OH2 hazard classification
10.7.3 OH3 hazard classification
11 High hazard class systems
11.1 General
11.2 High hazard class terminology and specifications
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Aisle
11.2.3 Bin box storage
11.2.4 Cantilever rack
11.2.5 Ceiling construction, obstructed
11.2.6 Ceiling construction, unobstructed
11.2.7 Clearance
11.2.8 Commodity
11.2.9 Double-row rack (DRR)
11.2.10 Draft curtain
11.2.11 Encapsulation
11.2.12 Face sprinkler
11.2.13 False ceiling
11.2.14 Flue space
11.2.15 Grouped object (obstruction)
11.2.16 Horizontal barriers (within and above racks)
11.2.17 Individual object (obstruction)
11.2.18 In-rack automatic sprinklers (IRAS)
11.2.19 K factor (nominal)
11.2.20 Movable rack
11.2.21 Multiple-row rack (MRR)
11.2.22 Nominal temperature rating
11.2.23 Open frame rack storage
11.2.24 Open-top container
11.2.25 Palletized storage
11.2.26 Pallet
11.2.27 Portable rack
11.2.28 Rack storage
11.2.29 Roof or ceiling sprinklers
11.2.30 Shelf storage
11.2.31 Single-row rack
11.2.32 Solid-piled storage
11.2.33 Solid shelving rack
11.2.34 Storage
11.2.35 Storage height
11.2.36 Tier
11.2.37 Vertical barrier
11.2.38 Water delivery time
11.3 System design requirements
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Wet systems
11.3.3 Anti-freeze, dry systems, pre-action systems and alternate wet and dry systems
11.3.4 Process occupancies
11.3.4.1 General
11.3.4.2 Process occupancy sprinkler K factor, temperature rating, location and orientation
11.3.4.3 Design densities and areas for process occupancies
11.3.5 Storage occupancies
11.3.6 Incidental High Hazard storage
11.3.7 Extension of higher hazard into lower hazard
11.4 General installation design requirements for process occupancies and special commodities — density over area design
11.4.1 Spacing of roof or ceiling sprinklers — Process occupancies and special commodities
11.4.2 Maximum area coverage for standard spray type roof or ceiling sprinklers — Process occupancies and special commodities
11.4.3 Water supply duration
11.5 General installation design requirements for storage sprinklers
11.5.1 Roof or ceiling sprinklers
11.5.1.1 Sprinkler types
11.5.1.2 Temperature ratings, K factor, orientation and RTI
11.5.1.3 Location and orientation
11.5.1.4 Ceiling slope
11.5.1.5 Linear and area spacing requirements for categorized commodities
11.5.1.5.1 General
11.5.1.5.2 Unobstructed ceiling construction
11.5.1.5.3 Obstructed ceiling construction
11.5.1.6 Horizontal distance from walls to storage sprinklers
11.5.1.7 Vertical distance from the ceiling to storage sprinklers
11.5.1.8 Minimum pressures for ceiling-level storage sprinklers
11.5.1.9 Mixing different ceiling-level storage sprinklers within the same protected area
11.5.1.10 Steel column protection
11.5.1.11 Separation of protected areas (draft curtains)
11.5.1.12 Heat and smoke vents
11.5.1.13 Exhaust openings at ceiling level
11.5.1.14 Airflow velocities above storage
11.5.1.15 High volume low speed (HVLS) ceiling-mounted fans
11.5.1.16 Aisle storage
11.5.1.17 Maximum floor area per installation control assembly
11.5.1.18 Clearance between top of storage and ceiling-level sprinkler deflector
11.5.1.19 Obstructions
11.5.1.19.1 General
11.5.1.19.2 Obstruction to the spray pattern of ceiling-level storage sprinklers
11.5.1.19.3 Obstruction to inner core discharge pattern of ceiling-level storage sprinklers
11.5.1.19.4 Additional sprinklers for objects wider than 600 mm, in least dimension, that obstruct a sprinkler’s inner core or spray distribution pattern
11.5.1.20 Open-grid ceilings, mezzanines or walkways (open grids)
11.5.1.20.1 General
11.5.1.20.2 Ceiling-level sprinklers above open grids
11.5.1.20.3 Storage sprinklers under open grids
11.5.1.21 Solid mezzanines
11.5.1.22 Solid walkways
11.5.1.23 Conveyors
11.5.1.23.1 General
11.5.1.23.2 Belt-type and similar solid-type conveyors
11.5.1.23.3 Roller and similar open-type conveyors
11.5.1.23.4 Automatic shutdown of conveyor systems
11.5.2 In-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.1 General
11.5.2.2 Racking with solid shelves
11.5.2.2.1 Solid shelves 2.0 m2 to 6.0 m2 in surface area
11.5.2.2.2 Solid shelves > 6.0 m2 in surface area
11.5.2.2.3 Vertical and horizontal in-rack sprinkler arrangement for solid shelves
11.5.2.3 Design procedure for in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.4 Temperature rating, K factor and RTI
11.5.2.5 Type, location and orientation
11.5.2.6 Horizontal layouts of in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.6.1 General
11.5.2.6.2 Horizontal layouts for IRAS (EO) in-rack sprinkler arrangements
11.5.2.6.3 Horizontal layouts for IRAS (E) in-rack sprinkler arrangements
11.5.2.6.4 Horizontal layouts for in-rack sprinklers in combination with horizontal barriers
11.5.2.7 Vertical increments of in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.7.1 General
11.5.2.7.2 Vertical increments of in-rack sprinklers in open-frame racks
11.5.2.8 Design requirements for ceiling-level and in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.8.1 General
11.5.2.8.2 Design of in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.8.3 Design for ceiling-level sprinklers in combination with in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.8.4 In-rack sprinkler installation control assemblies
11.5.2.8.5 Connection to distribution pipes attached to the building structure
11.5.2.8.6 System drainage
11.5.2.9 Design requirements for Scheme A
11.5.2.9.1 Ceiling sprinkler system
11.5.2.9.2 Racking arrangement
11.5.2.9.3 Horizontal barriers
11.5.2.9.4 In-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.9.5 In-rack sprinkler design and duration
11.5.2.10 Alternative in-rack sprinkler design
11.5.2.10.1 General
11.5.2.10.2 Type, temperature rating, K factor, RTI, coverage and orientation
11.5.2.10.3 Horizontal location of in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.10.4 Vertical location of in-rack sprinklers
11.5.2.10.5 In-rack sprinkler design
11.5.2.10.6 Ceiling sprinkler system design
11.6 Categorized commodities design requirements
11.6.1 General
11.6.2 Flue spaces
11.6.2.1 General
11.6.2.2 Flue spaces for rack storage protected by ceiling-level sprinklers only
11.6.2.2.1 Transverse flues in single-, double- and multiple-row racks
11.6.2.2.2 Longitudinal flues in double-row and multiple-row racks
11.6.2.2.3 Non-conforming flue spaces
11.6.2.3 Flue spaces for rack storage protected by both ceiling-level and in-rack sprinklers
11.6.2.3.1 Transverse flue spaces for single-, double- and multiple-row racks
11.6.2.3.2 Longitudinal flues in double-row racks
11.6.2.3.3 Rolled or bulging commodities
11.6.2.4 Solid-piled, palletized, shelf, and bin-box storage
11.6.3 Ceiling level design requirements
11.6.4 Ceiling heights in excess of those indicated in ceiling level protection tables for ceiling-level storage sprinklers
11.6.4.1 General
11.6.4.2 Ceiling heights in excess of those indicated in protection tables for ceiling-level storage sprinklers protecting rack storage
11.6.4.3 Ceiling heights in excess of those indicated in protection tables for ceiling-level storage sprinklers protecting solid-piled, palletized, shelf, or bin-box storage arrangements
11.6.5 Special storage considerations
11.6.5.1 Open-top, five-sided containers maintained in storage racks
11.6.5.1.1 General
11.6.5.1.2 Open-top containers in open frame racks or with solid shelves up to 6.0 m2
11.6.5.1.3 Open-top containers in storage racks with solid shelves greater than 6.0 m2
11.6.5.2 Portable racks
11.6.5.2.1 Portable racks with bottoms at least 70 % open
11.6.5.2.2 Portable racks with solid bottoms or bottoms less than 70 % open
11.6.5.2.3 Non-conforming portable racks
11.6.5.3 Movable racks
11.6.6 Water storage capacity and duration
11.6.7 Retail warehouse occupancies
11.6.7.1 Requirements for treating retail display as open frame racking
11.6.7.2 Exception for obstructed transverse flues
11.6.7.3 Aerosols, flammable or combustible liquids
11.6.7.3.1 General
11.6.7.3.2 Aerosol retail display
11.6.7.3.3 Oil-based paints, varnish or decking oils in metal containers
11.6.7.3.4 Solvents and flammable liquids in plastic containers FP < 93°C
11.6.8 Protection of Categories 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in open-frame storage racks under ceilings up to 13.7 m high using Km20.2 (K14.0 US imp) and larger, quick response, pendent ceiling-level sprinklers
11.6.9 Specific application sprinkler protection of Categories 1, 2, 3 and 4 and cartoned Category 5 storage under ceilings greater than 13.7 m up to 14.6 m high
11.7 Automatic storage and retrieval systems (ASRS)
11.7.1 General
11.7.2 Rack structure ASRS, storage on standard pallets
11.7.2.1 Rack structure ASRS with unobstructed flues
11.7.2.2 Rack structure ASRS with obstructed flues
11.7.3 Mini-load ASRS storage arrangements and protection requirements
11.7.3.1 Flue spaces and rack depth in mini-load ASRS
11.7.3.2 Ceiling-only sprinklers for mini-load ASRS storage arrangements
11.7.3.3 In-rack automatic sprinkler (IRAS) protection for mini-load ASRS storage arrangements
11.7.3.3.1 In-rack sprinklers
11.7.3.3.2 Location and positioning of in-rack sprinklers
11.7.3.3.3 In-rack sprinkler horizontal arrangement
11.7.3.3.3.1 General
11.7.3.3.3.2 Mini-load rack row depths up to 0.9 m
11.7.3.3.3.3 Mini-load rack row depths over 0.9 m and up to 1.8 m
11.7.3.3.3.4 Mini-load rack row depths over 1.8 m
11.7.3.3.4 In-rack sprinkler vertical arrangement
11.7.3.3.4.1 Vertical spacing of in-rack sprinklers
11.7.3.3.4.2 Storage height above top level of in-rack sprinklers
11.7.3.3.5 In-rack sprinkler design
11.7.3.3.6 Ceiling level sprinkler system design where in-rack sprinklers are installed
11.7.4 Enclosed ASRS storage arrangements
12 Special commodities
12.1 Rubber tyre storage
12.1.1 General
12.1.2 Definitions
12.1.3 Prerequisites to the sprinkler system design requirements
12.1.4 System type
12.1.5 Protection
12.1.5.1 Green tyres and tyres mounted on metal wheels
12.1.5.2 On-floor tyre storage
12.1.5.3 Rack tyre storage
12.1.5.4 Shelved tyre storage
12.1.5.5 Roof level (density over area) sprinklers
12.1.5.6 In-rack sprinklers
12.1.5.7 Control mode roof level storage sprinklers
12.1.5.8 Roof level storage sprinklers
12.2 Roll paper storage
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Definitions
12.2.3 Roll paper classification
12.2.4 Re-classification by wrapping
12.2.5 Plastic-wrapped (encapsulated) roll paper
12.2.6 Special paper types
12.2.7 Storage arrangements
12.2.8 Mixed storage
12.2.9 System type
12.2.10 Sprinkler types and temperature ratings
12.2.11 Excessive clearance and arrangements not covered in the tables
12.2.12 Area coverage and spacing of roof or ceiling sprinklers
12.2.13 Steel protection
12.2.14 Protection of light weight roll paper
12.2.14.1 General
12.2.14.2 On-side storage
12.2.14.3 Open array
12.2.15 Protection of medium weight roll paper
12.2.15.1 General
12.2.15.2 Open array — Wet sprinkler system design
12.2.15.3 Open array — Dry sprinkler system design
12.2.16 Protection of heavy weight roll paper
12.2.16.1 General
12.2.16.2 Open array — Wet sprinkler system design
12.2.16.3 Open array — Dry sprinkler system design
12.2.17 Water supply
12.3 Baled fibres and waste paper storage
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Storage in racks
12.3.3 Solid pile storage
12.3.4 Water supply
12.4 Hanging garments storage
12.4.1 General
12.4.2 Definitions
12.4.3 Clearance
12.4.4 Installation and hydraulic design
12.4.5 Ceiling slope
12.4.5.1 Ceiling slope over 10° and up to 20°
12.4.5.2 Ceiling slope over 20° and for excessive clearance
12.4.5.3 Shape factor for hydraulic analysis of ceiling level sprinklers
12.4.6 Solid mezzanines
12.4.6.1 General
12.4.6.2 Vertical openings
12.4.6.3 Mezzanine edge protection
12.4.6.4 Simultaneous operation
12.4.7 Solid walkways
12.4.8 Open-grated mezzanines
12.4.9 Open-grated walkways
12.4.10 Sprinkler system design criteria
12.4.10.1 General
12.4.10.2 Ceiling-only sprinklers
12.4.10.3 K factors, nominal temperature rating, RTI rating and the orientation of ceiling level sprinklers
12.4.10.4 Storage on stationary or carousel pipe racks
12.4.11 In-rack sprinklers (IRAs)
12.4.11.1 General
12.4.11.2 K-factors, nominal temperature rating, and RTI rating of in-rack storage sprinklers
12.4.11.3 In-rack sprinkler system types
12.4.11.4 In-rack sprinkler arrangements
12.4.11.5 In-rack sprinkler design
12.4.11.6 Ceiling-level sprinkler design
12.4.12 Water supply
12.5 Carpet storage
12.5.1 General
12.5.2 General design requirements
12.5.3 Hydraulic design requirements
12.5.4 Protection of covered aisles
12.5.5 Water supply
12.6 Aerosol storage
12.6.1 General
12.6.2 Definitions
12.6.3 Aerosol hazard classification
12.6.4 Mixed storage
12.6.5 System type
12.6.6 Protection
12.6.6.1 General
12.6.6.2 Aisles
12.6.6.3 Dedicated areas
12.6.6.4 Roof level sprinklers
12.6.6.5 In-rack sprinklers
12.6.6.6 Scheme A fire protection
12.6.6.7 Warehouses and storage areas
12.6.6.8 Shipping/receiving areas
12.6.6.8.1 Flow-through rack protection
12.6.6.8.2 In-rack sprinklers
12.6.6.8.3 Ceiling sprinklers
12.6.7 Small quantities of storage
12.6.8 Retail locations
12.6.9 Water supply
12.7 Distilled spirits
13 Flammable and combustible liquids
13.1 General
13.2 Flammable and combustible liquids storage terminology
13.2.1 Emulsion
13.2.2 Fire point
13.2.3 Flash point
13.2.4 Foam-water sprinkler system
13.2.5 Ignitable liquid
13.2.6 Intermediate bulk container (IBC)
13.2.7 Non-ignitable liquid
13.2.8 Relieving-style container
13.2.9 Semi-solid
13.2.10 Solid
13.2.11 Specific gravity
13.2.12 Stable liquid
13.2.13 Unstable liquid
13.2.14 Vapour density
13.2.15 Water-miscible
13.3 Liquid evaluation
13.3.1 General
13.3.2 Water-miscible liquids
13.3.2.1 General
13.3.2.2 Propylene and ethylene glycol mixtures
13.3.3 Viscous liquids/viscous mixtures
13.3.4 Emulsions
13.3.5 Liquids with closed-cup flash points at or above 260°C
13.3.5.1 Stored in plastic, glass, or metal containers of less than 150 L
13.3.5.2 Stored in portable metal containers of 150 L or more
13.3.5.3 Stored in 150–230 L plastic containers
13.3.5.4 Stored in composite IBCs (only blow-moulded plastic bottle in a wire cage with a wooden or steel pallet)
13.3.5.5 Stored in bag-in-box style IBCs (a corrugated board box on a wooden pallet with a plastic bag of some type in the box)
13.3.5.6 Stored in composite IBCs fitted with plastic pallets — All plastic IBCs
13.3.6 Butterfat
13.4 Drainage and containment
13.5 Protection
13.5.1 General
13.5.2 Staging areas
13.5.3 Sprinkler system installation
13.5.4 Closed-head foam-water sprinkler systems
13.5.5 Sprinkler system design
13.5.5.1 General
13.5.5.2 Relieving-style metal containers (including IBCs) larger than 230 L
13.5.5.3 Metal containers larger than 25 L up to and including 230 L
13.5.5.4 Metal containers of 25 L or less
13.5.5.5 Protection of plastic, composite (plastics-metal), or other combustible containers
13.5.5.5.1 General
13.5.5.6 Composite IBC storage of liquids with a flash point at or above 200°F (93°C) or alcohol in racks
13.5.5.7 Plastic, glass, or other combustible/brittle containers up to and including 230 L
13.5.5.8 Water supply
13.5.6 In-rack sprinkler location layouts
13.5.7 Fire protection schemes
13.5.7.1 Scheme A
13.5.7.2 Scheme B
13.5.7.3 Scheme C
13.5.7.4 Scheme D
13.5.7.5 Scheme E
14 Hydraulic calculation of sprinkler systems
14.1 General
14.2 Design areas (assumed areas of operation)
14.3 Sprinklers in simultaneous operation
14.4 Sprinkler discharge flow rates
14.4.1 Light Hazard and Ordinary Hazard class systems
14.4.2 High Hazard and Special Commodity class systems
14.5 Position of design areas — hydraulically most unfavourable areas of operation
14.6 Shape of design areas
14.6.1 Hydraulically most unfavourable areas of operation
14.6.1.1 Light Hazard and Ordinary Hazard class systems
14.6.1.2 High Hazard and Special Commodity class systems
14.7 Supply-demand graph
14.7.1 General
14.7.2 Supply characteristics
14.7.3 Demand characteristics
14.8 Water supplies
14.9 Pumpsets
14.9.1 General
14.9.2 Maximum flow rate of the system
14.9.2.1 Determination
14.9.2.2 Pumps drawing from pump suction tanks
14.9.2.3 Pumps drawing from town mains
14.10 Calculation of pressure loss in pipes
14.11 Pressure losses
14.11.1 Fittings and valves
14.11.2 Dry pendent (or upright) sprinklers
14.12 Accuracy of calculations
14.13 Minimum sprinkler discharge pressure (high hazard only)
14.14 Minimum pipe sizes
14.15 Velocity pressure
14.16 Identification of fully hydraulically calculated systems
Appendix A
A.1 Scope
A.2 Light hazard occupancies
A.3 Ordinary hazard occupancies
A.3.1 Ordinary Hazard 1 occupancies (OH 1)
A.3.2 Ordinary Hazard 2 occupancies (OH 2)
A.3.3 Ordinary Hazard 3 occupancies (OH 3)
A.3.4 Ordinary Hazard Special (OH Special) occupancies
A.4 High hazard occupancies
A.4.1 High Hazard — Process risks
A.4.2 High Hazard — Storage occupancies
A.4.2.1 General
A.4.2.2 Incidental High Hazard storage
A.4.2.3 Mixed category goods
A.4.2.4 Use of plastics pallets for storage of commodities
A.4.2.5 Categories of High Hazard storage
A.4.3 Special commodities
A.4.4 Commodity categories
Appendix B
B.1 General
B.2 Requirements
B.3 Selection of orifice plate
Appendix C
Appendix D
D.1 General
D.2 The supply-demand graph
D.3 Static pressure and demand curves
D.4 Single town main supply
D.5 Pumps drawing direct from a single town main supply
D.6 Dual town main supplies
D.7 Pumps drawing from pump suction tanks
Appendix E
E.1 Classification of aerosol hazard level
E.1.1 General
E.2 E1.2 Classification
E.2.1 Sources for chemical heat of combustion
Appendix F
F.1 Scope
F.2 General
F.3 Minor works
F.4 Personnel
F.5 Sprinklers
F.5.1 Compatibility
F.5.2 Spacing and location
F.5.3 Escutcheon plates
F.5.4 Flexible tube assemblies
F.5.5 Spare sprinklers
F.6 Pipe and fittings
F.7 Pipe sizing
F.8 Pipe support
F.9 Block plan and pressure gauge schedule
F.10 Light hazard systems built to previous versions of this standard
F.10.1 Pipe sizes
F.10.2 Limitations
F.10.2.1 Maximum pipe length — DN 20
F.10.2.2 Maximum combined pipe length — DN 20 and DN 25
F.10.2.3 Distribution pipe
F.11 Ordinary hazard systems and light hazard systems built to this standard
F.11.1 General
F.11.2 Pipe sizes
F.11.3 Limitations
F.11.3.1 Maximum pipe length — DN 25
F.11.3.2 Distribution pipe
F.12 Precautions
F.13 System Isolation
Appendix G
G.1 Scope
G.2 Sprinkler systems
G.2.1 Preliminary stage
G.2.2 Prior to commencing installation
G.2.2.1 General
G.2.2.2 Detailed requirements
G.2.2.3 Water supply authority approval
G.2.3 On completion of installation
G.2.4 Compliance requirements
G.3 Drencher systems
G.3.1 Preliminary stage
G.3.2 Prior to commencing installation
G.3.2.1 General
G.3.2.2 Detailed requirements
G.3.2.3 Water supply authority approval
G.3.3 On completion of installation
G.3.4 Compliance requirements
Appendix H
H.1 General
H.2 Hydrostatic pressure test
H.3 Pre-test equipment checks
H.4 Equipment tests
H.5 Water supply tests
H.5.1 General
H.5.2 Main drain valve water supply test
H.5.3 Water supply proving test
H.5.4 Compression ignition (diesel) engine-driven pump start and run tests
H.5.5 Electric motor-driven pump start and run tests
H.5.6 Pressure maintenance/jacking pumpsets
H.6 Commissioning
Appendix I
Amendment control sheet
AS 2118.1:2017
Amendment No. 1 (2017)
Correction
Amendment No. 2 (2020)
Revised text
Amendment No. 3 (2024)
Correction
Bibliography
Appendix Former Wording
FMR.1 Purpose of this Appendix
FMR.2 Former wording texts and notes
Former Clause 5.6.1.1 Former Wording
Former Equation 5.6.1.1(2) Former Equation
Former Table 6.3.3(3) Former table row
Former Clause 6.4.1 Former Equation
Clause 8.4.5.1 Added equation
Former Clause 8.4.5.2 Former Equation
Former Clause 8.4.6 Former Wording
Former Clause H.4 Former Equation
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems — System design, installation and commissioning, Part 3: Fire alarm monitoring
[Current]
Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
Content history
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