Standard

Track updates

AS 2067:2016

[Current]

Substations and high voltage installations exceeding 1 kV a.c.

Provides minimum requirements for the design and erection of high voltage installations in systems with nominal voltages above 1 kV a.c. and nominal frequency up to and including 60 Hz.

Published: 14/09/2016

Pages: 219

Table of contents

Cited references

Content history

Table of contents

Header

About this publication

Preface

1 Scope and general

1.1 Scope

1.2 Application

1.2.1 General

1.2.2 Existing installations

1.3 Normative references

1.4 Definitions

2 Fundamental requirements

2.1 General

2.1.1 General requirements

2.1.2 Agreements between supplier (manufacturer) and user

2.2 Electrical requirements

2.2.1 Methods of neutral earthing

2.2.2 Voltage classification

2.2.3 Current in normal operation

2.2.4 Short-circuit current

2.2.4.1 Mechanical and thermal effects

2.2.4.2 Types

2.2.4.3 Rated duration

2.2.4.4 Calculation

2.2.4.5 Effects

2.2.5 Rated frequency

2.2.6 Corona

2.2.6.1 General

2.2.6.2 Radio and television interference

2.2.6.3 Audible noise

2.2.7 High voltage design practices with respect to EMF

2.2.8 Overvoltages

2.2.9 Harmonics

2.3 Civil and structural requirements

2.3.1 General

2.3.2 Equipment and structures

2.3.2.1 General

2.3.2.2 Permanent loads (G)

2.3.2.3 Imposed and other loads (Q, W, E)

2.3.2.4 Special loads

2.3.3 Coincident temperatures

2.3.4 Load components

2.3.5 Load combinations

2.3.6 Deflections and serviceability limits

2.4 Climatic and environmental conditions

2.4.1 General

2.4.2 Normal conditions

2.4.2.1 Indoor

2.4.2.2 Outdoor

2.4.3 Special conditions

2.4.3.1 General

2.4.3.2 Altitude

2.4.3.3 Pollution

2.4.3.4 Temperature and humidity

2.4.3.5 Vibration

2.4.3.6 Seismic vibration

2.4.3.7 The effect of wind

2.5 Special requirements

2.5.1 Effects of small animals and micro-organisms

2.5.2 Noise level

2.5.3 Transport

2.6 Site selection

2.7 Risk management

3 Insulation

3.1 General

3.2 Selection of insulation level

3.2.1 General

3.2.2 Consideration of methods of neutral earthing

3.2.3 Consideration of rated withstand voltages

3.3 Verification of withstand values

3.4 Minimum clearances of live parts

3.4.1 General

3.4.2 Minimum clearances in voltage Range I

3.4.3 Minimum clearances in voltage Range II

3.5 Minimum clearances between parts under special conditions

3.6 Type tested equipment

4 Equipment

4.1 General requirements

4.1.1 Selection

4.1.2 Equipment safety

4.1.3 Personnel safety

4.1.4 Labels

4.2 Specific requirements

4.2.1 Switching devices

4.2.2 Power transformers and reactors

4.2.3 Gas-insulated metal-enclosed equipment (GIE), metal-enclosed switchgear, insulation-enclosed switchgear and other prefabricated type-tested switchgear and fusegear assemblies

4.2.4 Instrument transformers

4.2.4.1 General

4.2.4.2 Current transformers

4.2.4.3 Voltage transformers

4.2.5 Surge arresters

4.2.6 Capacitors

4.2.7 Line traps

4.2.8 Insulators

4.2.9 Insulated cables other than for overhead lines

4.2.9.1 General requirements

4.2.9.2 Temperature

4.2.9.3 Stress due to temperature changes

4.2.9.4 Flexible reeling and trailing cables

4.2.9.5 Crossings and proximities

4.2.9.6 Installation of cables

4.2.9.7 Bending radius

4.2.9.8 Tensile stress

4.2.10 Conductors and accessories

4.2.11 Rotating electrical machines

4.2.12 Generating units

4.2.13 Generating unit main connections

4.2.14 Static converters

4.2.15 Fuses

4.2.15.1 Clearances

4.2.15.2 Fuse replacement

4.2.16 Electrical and mechanical interlocking

5 Installations

5.1 Minimum requirements

5.1.1 General

5.1.2 Circuit arrangement

5.1.2.1 Design

5.1.2.2 Protective measures

5.1.3 Documentation

5.1.4 Transport routes

5.1.5 Aisles and access areas

5.1.6 Lighting

5.1.7 Operational safety

5.1.8 Labelling

5.2 Outdoor installations of open design

5.2.1 General

5.2.2 Protective barrier clearances

5.2.3 Protective obstacle clearances

5.2.4 Boundary clearances

5.2.5 Minimum height over access area

5.2.6 Minimum clearances for maintenance

5.2.7 Clearances to buildings within closed electrical operating areas

5.2.8 External fences or walls and access doors

5.3 Indoor installations of open design

5.4 Installation of prefabricated type-tested switchgear

5.4.1 General

5.4.2 Additional requirements for gas-insulated metal enclosed equipment (GIE)

5.4.2.1 Design

5.4.2.2 Erection on site

5.4.2.3 Protection against overvoltages

5.4.2.4 Earthing

5.5 Requirements for buildings

5.5.1 Introduction

5.5.2 Structural provisions

5.5.2.1 General

5.5.2.2 Specifications for walls

5.5.2.3 Windows

5.5.2.4 Roofs

5.5.2.5 Floors

5.5.3 Rooms for switchgear

5.5.4 Service areas

5.5.5 Doors

5.5.6 Draining of insulating liquids

5.5.7 Heating, ventilation and cooling

5.5.7.1 General

5.5.7.2 Ventilation of battery rooms

5.5.7.3 Rooms for emergency generating units

5.5.8 Buildings that require special consideration

5.5.9 Confined spaces

5.6 High voltage/low voltage prefabricated substations

5.7 Electrical installations on a mast, pole or tower

6 Safety measures

6.1 General

6.2 Protection against direct contact

6.2.1 General

6.2.2 Measures for protection against direct contact

6.2.2.1 Recognized protection types

6.2.2.2 Design of protective measures

6.2.3 Protection requirements

6.2.3.1 Protection outside of closed electrical operating areas

6.2.3.2 Protection inside closed electrical operating areas

6.2.3.3 Protection during normal operation

6.3 Means to protect persons from indirect contact

6.4 Means to protect persons working on or near electrical installations

6.4.1 Construction and working procedures

6.4.2 Equipment for isolating installations or apparatus

6.4.3 Devices to prevent inadvertent closing of isolating devices

6.4.4 Devices for determining the de-energized state

6.4.5 Devices for earthing and short-circuiting

6.4.6 Equipment acting as protective barriers against adjacent live parts

6.4.6.1 General

6.4.6.2 Insertable insulated partitions

6.4.6.3 Insertable partition walls

6.4.7 Storage of personal protection equipment

6.5 Protection from danger resulting from arc fault

6.6 Protection against direct lightning strikes

6.7 Protection against fire and explosion

6.7.1 Risk

6.7.1.1 General

6.7.1.2 Fire and explosion risk zones

6.7.1.3 Fire and explosion sources risk assessment

6.7.1.4 Fire and explosion risk management

6.7.1.5 Fire resistant barriers

6.7.1.6 Protection of personnel within high voltage installations

6.7.2 Buildings

6.7.2.1 General

6.7.2.2 Fire alarm systems

6.7.2.3 Fire suppression systems

6.7.3 Plant and equipment requirements

6.7.4 Transformers, reactors

6.7.4.1 General

6.7.4.2 Fire mitigation options for transformers

6.7.4.3 Transformer fire damage control measures

6.7.4.4 Outdoor transformers

6.7.4.5 Indoor transformers

6.7.5 Cables

6.7.6 Distribution substations

6.7.6.1 Special requirements for distribution kiosk/padmount cubicles and walled high voltage installations

6.7.6.2 Special requirements for distribution indoor high voltage installations

6.8 Protection against leakage of insulating liquids and SF6

6.8.1 Oil containment

6.8.2 SF6 leakage

6.8.3 Failure with loss of SF6 and its decomposition products

6.8.4 Fire protected high voltage installation examples for distribution substations

6.9 Identification and marking

6.9.1 General

6.9.2 Information plates and warning plates

6.9.3 Electrical hazard warning

6.9.4 Installations with incorporated capacitors

6.9.5 Emergency signs for emergency exits

6.9.6 Cable identification marks

6.10 Protection against unauthorized access

7 Protection, control and auxiliary systems

7.1 Protection systems

7.2 Monitoring and control systems

7.3 A.c. and d.c. supply circuits

7.3.1 General

7.3.2 A.c. Supply

7.3.3 D.c. Supply

7.3.3.1 Capacity

7.3.3.2 Monitoring voltage and current

7.3.3.3 Sizing and selection of batteries

7.3.3.4 Battery rooms and cubicles

7.3.3.5 Protection against corrosion

7.4 Compressed air systems

7.4.1 Design

7.4.2 Relative humidity

7.4.3 Operating capacity

7.4.4 Protection against corrosion

7.4.5 Marking

7.4.6 Isolation and drainage

7.4.7 Arcing

7.4.8 Accessible controls

7.5 SF6 gas handling plant

7.6 Basic rules for electromagnetic compatibility of control systems

7.6.1 General

7.6.2 Electrical noise sources in high voltage installations

7.6.3 Measures to be taken to reduce the effects of high frequency interference

7.6.4 Measures to be taken to reduce the effects of low frequency interference

7.6.5 Measures related to the selection of equipment

7.6.5.1 Zones

7.6.5.2 Internal circuitry

7.6.5.3 Gas-insulated switchgear

7.6.6 Other possible measures to reduce the effects of interference

8 Earthing systems

8.1 General

8.2 Fundamental requirements

8.2.1 General

8.2.2 Safety of people

8.2.3 Protection of equipment

8.2.4 Support operational security

8.3 Risk management and due diligence

8.3.1 General

8.3.2 Touch and step voltage hazards and risks

8.4 Design

8.4.1 Introduction

8.4.2 Design process overview

8.4.3 Data gathering

8.4.4 Initial concept design

8.4.4.1 General

8.4.4.2 Fault current

8.4.4.3 Earth fault duration

8.4.4.4 Soil resistivity

8.4.4.5 Layout practicalities

8.4.4.6 Coordinated design

8.4.4.7 Current injection

8.4.4.8 Special considerations

8.4.5 Determine design EPR

8.4.6 Power frequency design

8.4.6.1 General

8.4.6.2 Earthing conductor layout

8.4.6.3 Dimensioning of earthing conductors

8.4.6.4 Transferred potentials

8.4.6.5 Hazard location identification

8.4.7 Safety criteria for design

8.4.7.1 Safety criteria

8.4.7.2 Risk quantification and individually derived safety criteria

8.4.7.3 Guidance on standard safety criteria

8.4.7.4 Safety criteria within other standards and guidelines

8.4.8 Perform direct probabilistic design

8.4.9 Mitigation/redesign

8.4.10 Transient design

8.5 Construction

8.6 Commissioning and ongoing monitoring

8.7 Maintenance, modification and refurbishment

8.8 Testing

8.9 Documentation

9 Inspection and testing

9.1 Inspections and tests

9.2 Documentation and records

9.3 Verification of specified performances

9.4 Tests during installation and commissioning

9.5 Trial run

10 Operation and maintenance manual

Appendix A

A1 General

A2 Fibrillation characteristics

A3 Coincidence formulation

A4 Applied voltage risk analysis

A5 Risk level assessment

A6 Cost disproportionality assessment

Appendix B

B1 Earthing system connection principles

B1.1 Distribution substations, e.g. 11 kV/400 V or 22 kV/400 V

B1.2 Higher level substations, e.g. 66 kV/22 kV, 132 kV/11 kV, 132 kV/33 kV

B1.3 All substations

B1.4 Cable sheaths

B1.5 Fence earthing

B2 Combined (common) earthing system

B3 Segregated (separated) distribution earthing systems

Appendix C

Appendix D

Appendix E

E1 Scope

E2 Wire numbering code

E2.1 Identification

E2.2 Identification according to function

Appendix F

F1 General

F2 Safety

F3 Protection objectives

F4 Basic principles

F4.1 General

F4.2 Primary protection

F4.3 Back-up protection

F4.4 Fault clearance times

F4.5 System stability

F4.6 Effects of faults

F4.7 Prevent/minimize loss of supply

F4.8 Legislation and regulations

F5 Segregation

F6 General principles

F6.1 General

F6.2 Components

F6.3 Power system

F6.4 Protective earthing

F6.5 Fault protection and protection against overloading

F6.6 Rating of primary equipment

F6.7 Circuit breakers

F6.8 Electrical interference

F6.9 Sources of energy

F6.10 Voltage range

F6.11 Major system shutdown

F6.12 Functional proving of relays and systems

F6.13 Verification of relay settings

F6.14 Functional testing

F6.15 Secondary circuit isolation for work and functional testing

F6.16 Balancing of differential protection schemes

F6.17 Directional testing and proving

F6.18 Points of comparison between fuses and relays/circuit-breakers

F6.19 Open circuit faults and hot connection type faults

F6.20 ‘A’ and ‘B’ protection schemes

F6.21 Duplicated protection schemes

F6.22 Secondary circuit isolating and testing facilities

F6.23 Safety in the design of protection systems

F6.24 Interlock functions

F7 Digital and optical fibre based systems

F7.1 General

F7.2 Safety

F7.3 Segregation

F7.4 DC supplies

F7.5 Impulse and disturbance immunity

F7.6 Functional proving requirements

F7.7 Secondary circuit isolation for work and functional testing

F7.8 Independence of A and B protection schemes

Appendix G

G1 General

G2 Residential distribution

G3 Light industrial—Sawmill, batching plant, abattoir

G4 Large interconnected systems

G5 Mining operations

G5.1 General

G5.2 Surface plant operations area—Workshops, offices, washeries, crushers

G5.3 Underground coal mining operations

G5.4 Underground metals operation/road tunnel initial installation and final operational configuration

G5.5 Open cut mining, quarrying and mineral sand extraction

G6 Referenced documents specific to Appendices A and G

Appendix H

H1 Introduction

H2 Assessment categories

H2.1 General

H2.2 Commissioning

H2.3 Verification

H2.4 Interference

H3 Assessment content

H4 Performance

H5 Purpose

H6 The injection circuit

H6.1 General

H6.2 Mutual earth resistance correction

H6.3 Mutual induction correction

H6.4 Current injection loop

H6.5 System components

H6.6 Power distribution

H6.7 Current source

H7 Measurement of responses

H7.1 Injection current

H7.2 Earth potential rise

H7.3 Current distribution

H7.4 Hazard measurement

H7.4.1 Transfer, touch and step voltage testing

H7.4.2 Telecommunications coordination

H7.4.3 Pipeline interference/coordination

H8 Physical state

H9 Condition assessment

H9.1 General

H9.2 Continuity testing

H9.3 Visual inspection

H10 Soil resistivity

H11 Network condition

H12 Ongoing monitoring and maintenance

H12.1 General

H12.2 Inspection and test intervals

H13 Documentation and records

H13.1 Design documentation

H13.2 Test documentation

H14 Reference documents specific to Appendix H

Bibliography

Cited references in this standard

AS 1905.1:2015

[Current]

Components for the protection of openings in fire-resistant walls, Part 1: Fire-resistant doorsets

IEC/TS 60815-3

Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions, Part 3: Polymer insulators for a.c. systems

AS 62271.201:2019

[Current]

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear, Part 201: AC solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV (IEC 62271-201:2014, MOD)

AS 62271.200:2019

[Current]

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear, Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV (IEC 62271-200:2011/COR1:2015, MOD)

AS 62271.1:2019

[Current]

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear, Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-1:2017, MOD)

Content history

IEC 61936-1:2010+AMD1:2014 CSV

[Superseded]

AS 2067-2008

[Available Superseded]

AS 2067-2008 AMDT 1

[Superseded]

DR AS 2067:2014