Standard
Track updates
AS 20474.1:2025
[Current]AS 20474.1:2025 adopts and modifies ISO 20474 1:2017, which specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is also applicable to machine attachments and to derivative machinery
Published: 20/06/2025
Pages: 65
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
4.1 General
4.2 Access systems
4.2.1 General requirements
4.2.2 Access to articulated machines
4.3 Operator’s station
4.3.1 General requirements
4.3.1.1 Machinery equipment
4.3.1.2 Minimum space
4.3.1.3 Moving parts
4.3.1.4 Engine exhaust
4.3.1.5 Instruction storage
4.3.1.6 Sharp edges
4.3.2 Operator’s station equipped with a cab
4.3.2.1 Climatic conditions
4.3.2.2 Pipes and hoses
4.3.2.3 Primary opening
4.3.2.4 Alternative opening
4.3.2.5 Heating system
4.3.2.6 Ventilation system
4.3.2.7 Defrosting system
4.3.2.8 Pressurization system
4.3.2.9 Doors and windows
4.3.2.10 Inner lighting
4.3.3 Operator-protective structures
4.3.3.1 General
4.3.3.2 ROPS for derivative machinery
4.3.4 Falling-object protective structures (FOPS)
4.3.5 Elevating operator’s station
4.3.6 Replacement of operator protective structure
4.4 Seats
4.4.1 Operator’s seat
4.4.1.1 General requirements
4.4.1.2 Dimensions
4.4.1.3 Adjustment
4.4.1.4 Vibration
4.4.1.5 Restraint system
4.4.2 Additional seat
4.4.2.1 Trainer seat
4.4.2.2 Second operator’s seat
4.5 Operator’s controls and indicators
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Starting and stopping system
4.5.3 Inadvertent activation
4.5.4 Pedals
4.5.5 Emergency attachment lowering
4.5.6 Uncontrolled motion
4.5.7 Remote control
4.5.8 Visual displays/control panels, indicators and symbols
4.5.8.1 Visual displays/control panels
4.5.8.2 Operating instrumentation
4.5.8.3 Symbols
4.5.9 Ride-on machine controls accessible from ground level
4.5.10 Non-riding machine controls
4.6 Steering systems
4.6.1 General
4.6.2 Wheeled machines
4.6.3 Crawler machines
4.7 Brake systems
4.8 Visibility
4.8.1 Operator’s field of view
4.8.2 Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices
4.9 Warning devices and safety signs
4.10 Tyres and rims
4.11 Stability
4.12 Object handling
4.12.1 Lifting devices for object handling
4.12.2 Lowering control device
4.13 Noise
4.13.1 Requirements for noise reduction
4.13.2 Noise emission measurement
4.13.2.1 Sound power level
4.13.2.2 Emission sound pressure level at the operator’s station
4.14 Protective measures and devices
4.14.1 Contaminated area
4.14.2 Hot parts
4.14.3 Moving parts
4.14.4 Guards
4.14.5 Articulated frame lock
4.14.6 Sharp edges and acute angles
4.14.7 Fenders
4.15 Retrieval, transportation, lifting and towing
4.15.1 Common use
4.15.2 Retrieval
4.15.3 Tying-down
4.15.4 Lifting
4.15.5 Off-road towing
4.15.6 Transportation
4.16 Electrical and electronic systems
4.16.1 General
4.16.2 Degree of protection
4.16.3 Electrical connections
4.16.4 Over-current protective devices
4.16.5 Batteries
4.16.6 Battery disconnection
4.16.7 Electrical connectors for auxiliary starting aids
4.16.8 Electric sockets for lighting
4.17 Pressurized systems
4.17.1 General requirements
4.17.2 Hydraulic lines
4.17.3 Hydraulic hose assemblies
4.17.4 Air pressure vessels
4.18 Fuel tanks, diesel emission fluid tanks and hydraulic oil tanks
4.18.1 General requirements
4.18.2 Filler openings
4.18.3 Fuel tanks
4.19 Fire protection
4.19.1 Fire resistance
4.19.2 Fire extinguisher
4.20 Attachments
4.20.1 General
4.20.2 Identification
4.20.3 Instructions
4.20.4 Quick couplers
4.20.5 Lifting devices
4.21 Maintenance
4.21.1 General
4.21.2 Routine maintenance
4.21.3 Support devices
4.21.4 Access to the engine compartment
4.21.5 Tiltable cab support device
4.22 Underground operation in non-explosive atmosphere
4.23 Rear-mounted winch
4.23.1 Mounting
4.23.2 Controls
4.23.3 Protection
4.24 Speed limit for non-riding machines
5 Verification of safety requirements and protective measures
6 Information for use
6.1 Safety labels
6.2 Operator’s manual
6.3 Machine marking
Appendix A
Appendix B
B.1 General
B.2 Elevating control
B.3 Emergency descent
B.4 Crushing hazards
B.5 Falling down protection for the operator
B.6 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for elevating operator’s station
B.7 Operator’s manual
B.8 Marking
Appendix C
C.1 General
C.2 Safety requirements
C.2.1 Mounting and fixing
C.2.1.1
C.2.1.2
C.2.1.3
C.2.1.4
C.2.1.5
C.2.1.6
C.2.1.7
C.2.1.8
C.2.2 Design and strength of lifting devices
C.2.2.1 Lifting devices provided by the machine manufacturer
C.2.2.2 Lifting devices provided by the attachment (working tool) manufacturer
C.3 Testing by manufacturer
C.3.1 Mechanical performance
C.3.2 Field test under operating conditions
C.4 Additional requirements for attachable hooks used as lifting devices
C.4.1 Safety latch
C.4.2 Design and strength
C.4.2.1 Attachable hooks
C.4.2.2 Bolted hooks
C.4.3 Mounting and fixing of attachable hooks
C.4.4 Mechanical performance test
C.4.4.1 General
C.4.4.2 Mechanical performance
C.4.4.3 Field tests
C.4.4.4 Verification
C.4.5 Identification
C.5 Operator’s manual
Appendix D
D.1 General
D.2 Operator’s station
D.2.1 Operator’s station with cab
D.2.2 Operator’s station with reduced cab dimensions
D.2.2.1 Exception to D.2.1
D.2.2.2 Space envelope
D.2.2.3 Transmitted vibration
D.2.2.4 Seat
D.2.3 Operator’s station without cab
D.3 Engine exhaust emission and fuel
D.3.1 Engine and fuel
D.3.2 Fuel system
D.4 Lighting, signalling and marking lights and reflex-reflector devices
D.4.1 General
D.4.2 Light assembly position
D.4.3 Rear position lamp
D.4.4 Machines working in both directions in work cycle
Bibliography
Appendix ZA
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluations of protective structures - Specifications for deflection-limiting volume - AMENDMENT 1
[Current]
Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
[Current]
Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements