Standard
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AS 1684.4:2024
[Current]Residential timber-framed construction, Part 4: Simplified - Non-Cyclonic Areas
AS 1684.4:2024 provides the building industry with procedures that can be used to determine building practice, to design or check construction details, and to determine member sizes, and bracing and fixing requirements for timber-framed construction in non-cyclonic wind classifications N1 and N2.
Published: 28/06/2024
Pages: 242
Table of contents
Cited references
Content history
Table of contents
Header
About this publication
Preface
1 Scope and general
1.1 Scope
1.2 Normative references
1.3 Terms and definitions
1.4 Limitations
1.4.1 General
1.4.2 Wind classification
1.4.3 Plan
1.4.4 Number of storeys of timber framing
1.4.5 Width
1.4.6 Wall height
1.4.7 Rafter overhang
1.4.8 Roof pitch
1.4.9 Spacing
1.4.9.1 Rafters or trusses
1.4.9.2 Bracing
1.4.10 Roof types
1.4.11 Building masses
1.5 Design criteria
1.6 Load paths — Offsets and cantilevers
1.7 Durability
1.8 Dimensions
1.9 Bearing
1.10 Timber
1.11 Engineered timber products and engineered wood products (EWPs)
1.12 Size tolerances
1.13 Alternative timber dimensions
1.14 Steel grade and corrosion protection
2 Terminology and definitions
2.1 General
2.2 Terminology of framing members
2.3 Vertical nail lamination
2.4 Stud lamination
2.5 Horizontal nail lamination — Wall plates only
3 Substructure
3.1 General
3.2 Site preparation and drainage
3.3 Ground clearance and subfloor ventilation
3.4 Termite management
3.5 Substructure bracing
3.6 Subfloor supports
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Footing classification
3.6.3 Stumps or posts
3.6.3.1 Sizes
3.6.3.2 Height
3.6.3.3 Embedment
3.6.4 Footing type support limitations
4 Floor framing
4.1 General
4.1.1 Application
4.1.2 Materials
4.1.3 Framing configurations
4.1.4 Weatherproofing
4.1.5 Shrinkage
4.1.6 Cuts, holes and notches in bearers and joists
4.2 Building practice
4.2.1 Bearers
4.2.1.1 General
4.2.1.2 Fixing of bearers to supports
4.2.1.3 Built-up bearers
4.2.2 Joists
4.2.2.1 General
4.2.2.2 Location of joists
4.2.2.3 Deep joists
4.2.2.4 Fixing of joists to bearers or lower wall plates
4.2.2.5 External floors (decks, verandahs)
4.3 Member sizes
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Bearers
4.3.2.1 Bearers supporting loadbearing walls
4.3.2.2 Bearers supporting floor loads only
4.3.2.3 Single- or upper-storey bearers supporting loadbearing walls at right angles
4.3.2.4 Single- or upper-storey bearers supporting roof point loads
4.3.3 Floor joists
4.3.3.1 General
4.3.3.2 Floor joists supporting non-loadbearing gable or skillion end walls
4.3.3.3 Floor joists with loadbearing walls at right angles to joists
4.3.3.4 Single- or upper-storey floor joists supporting roof point loads or loadbearing walls parallel to joists
4.3.3.5 Openings in floors
5 Flooring and decking
5.1 General
5.2 Platform floors
5.3 Fitted strip floors (cut-in floors) direct to joists
5.4 Expansion joints in strip floors direct to joists
5.5 Laying and fixing strip and sheet flooring direct to joists
5.5.1 Structural strip flooring — laying
5.5.2 Structural strip flooring — cramping and fixing
5.5.2.1 General
5.5.2.2 Fixing
5.5.3 Structural plywood flooring — laying and fixing
5.5.3.1 General
5.5.3.2 Laying
5.5.3.3 Fixing
5.5.4 Structural Particleboard flooring — laying and fixing
5.5.4.1 General
5.5.4.2 Laying
5.5.4.3 Fixing
5.6 Joist spacing — Flooring
5.7 Decking
6 Wall framing
6.1 General
6.1.1 Application
6.1.2 Bracing
6.2 Building practice
6.2.1 Studs
6.2.1.1 Straightening of studs (crippling)
6.2.1.2 Common studs
6.2.1.3 Wall junctions
6.2.1.4 Notching, trenching and holes in studs and plates
6.2.1.5 Nogging
6.2.2 Wall plates
6.2.2.1 General
6.2.2.2 Bottom plates
6.2.2.3 Stiffening of top plates
6.2.2.4 Joints in top plates
6.2.3 Openings
6.2.4 Framing around chimneys and flues
6.2.5 Lateral support for non-loadbearing walls
6.2.5.1 External walls
6.2.5.2 Internal walls (trussed roofs)
6.3 Member sizes
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Wall studs
6.3.2.1 Common studs
6.3.2.2 Studs supporting concentrated loads
6.3.2.3 Jamb studs (studs at sides of openings)
6.3.2.4 Gable or skillion end wall studs
6.3.2.5 Mullions
6.3.2.6 Concentrated loads on non-loadbearing internal walls
6.3.3 Bottom plates
6.3.4 Top plates
6.3.5 Studs, plates and noggings in non-loadbearing internal walls
6.3.6 Lintels
6.3.6.1 General
6.3.6.2 Lintels in loadbearing walls
6.3.6.3 Lintels in gable end walls
6.3.6.4 Lintels in non-loadbearing walls
6.3.6.5 Windowsill trimmers
6.3.7 Verandah beams (plates)
6.3.8 Verandah posts supporting roof loads
7 Roof framing
7.1 General
7.1.1 Application
7.1.2 Types of roofs and limitations
7.1.2.1 General
7.1.2.2 Coupled roofs
7.1.2.3 Non-coupled roof
7.1.2.4 Trussed roof
7.2 Building practice
7.2.1 Ceilings
7.2.2 Construction loads on ceiling framing
7.2.3 Ceiling battens
7.2.4 Ceiling joists
7.2.4.1 General
7.2.4.2 Splices and joints in coupled roof
7.2.4.3 Connection to hanging beams
7.2.4.4 Trimming around openings
7.2.4.5 Platforms in roof spaces
7.2.5 Hanging beams
7.2.5.1 General
7.2.5.2 End support of hanging beams
7.2.6 Counter beams
7.2.6.1 General
7.2.6.2 Intersection of hanging and counter beams
7.2.7 combined strutting/hanging beams
7.2.8 Combined strutting/counter beams
7.2.9 Strutting beams
7.2.10 Underpurlins
7.2.10.1 General
7.2.10.2 Joints in underpurlins
7.2.10.3 Cantilevered underpurlins
7.2.10.4 Support of underpurlins
7.2.11 Rafters
7.2.11.1 General
7.2.11.2 Birdsmouthing
7.2.12 Ridgeboards
7.2.12.1 General
7.2.12.2 Joints in ridgeboards
7.2.13 Hip and valley rafters
7.2.14 Scotch valleys
7.2.15 Roof strutting
7.2.15.1 Roof struts
7.2.15.2 Tied and braced strut system
7.2.15.3 Fan struts
7.2.15.4 Opposing struts
7.2.16 Collar ties
7.2.17 Hip ends
7.2.18 Alternative support systems
7.2.19 Non-coupled roofs
7.2.19.1 General
7.2.19.2 Ridge and intermediate beams
7.2.20 Roof battens
7.2.21 Trussed roofs
7.2.21.1 General
7.2.21.2 Structural fascias
7.2.21.3 Truss layout
7.2.21.4 Support of trusses
7.2.22 Bracing for raftered and trussed roofs
7.2.23 Fixing of ceiling framing to internal bracing walls
7.2.24 Eaves construction
7.2.24.1 General
7.2.24.2 Boxed eaves
7.2.25 Gable or verge construction
7.2.25.1 General
7.2.25.2 Open gables
7.2.25.3 Boxed gables
7.2.26 Lateral restraint of hanging, strutting, strutting/hanging beams, and similar members
7.2.27 Framing around chimneys and flues
7.3 Member sizes
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Ceiling battens
7.3.3 Ceiling lining and non-trafficable roof decking
7.3.3.1 General
7.3.3.2 Tongued and grooved non-trafficable roof decking
7.3.3.3 Structural plywood for non-trafficable roof decking
7.3.4 Loads on ceilings
7.3.5 Binders
7.3.6 Ceiling joists
7.3.7 Hanging beams
7.3.8 Counter beams
7.3.9 Combined strutting/hanging beams
7.3.10 Combined strutting/counter beams
7.3.11 Strutting beams
7.3.12 Underpurlins
7.3.13 Rafters and purlins
7.3.13.1 General
7.3.13.2 Rafter overhangs
7.3.13.3 Birdsmouthed and non-birdsmouthed rafters
7.3.13.4 Dressed rafters
7.3.14 Ridge or intermediate beams—Cathedral, skillion roofs, or similar roofs
7.3.15 Roof battens
7.3.16 Cantilevered gable ends
7.3.17 Other members/components
8 Bracing
8.1 General
8.2 Temporary bracing
8.3 Permanent bracing
8.3.1 Subfloor bracing
8.3.1.1 General
8.3.1.2 Full perimeter masonry base
8.3.1.3 Diagonal bracing
8.3.2 Wall bracing
8.3.2.1 General
8.3.2.2 Procedure
8.3.2.3 Rules and allowances
8.3.2.4 Nominal wall bracing
8.3.2.5 Structural wall bracing
8.3.2.6 Distribution of bracing
8.3.2.7 Connection at the bottom of bracing units
8.3.2.8 Connection at the top of bracing units
8.3.2.9 Bracing units under eaves
8.3.3 Roof bracing
8.3.3.1 Pitched roofs (coupled and non-coupled roofs)
8.3.3.2 Trussed roofs
9 Fixings and tie-down design
9.1 General
9.2 General connection requirements
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Straps, bolts, screws, coach screws and framing anchors
9.2.3 Steel washers
9.2.4 Drilling for bolts
9.2.5 Drilling for coach screws
9.2.6 Screw and coach screw penetration
9.2.7 Framing anchor and strap nails
9.2.8 Joining of top plates
9.3 Procedure for determining fixing and tie-down requirements
9.4 Nominal and specific fixing requirements
9.5 Nominal fixings (minimum fixings)
9.6 Specific fixing (tie-down)
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Rafter to ridge connection for sheet roof
9.6.3 Ridge tied-down connection for sheet roof
9.6.3.1 N1 wind classification
9.6.3.2 N2 wind classification
Appendix A
A.1 General
A.2 Floor and wall framing (External loadbearing walls)
A.3 Floor and wall framing (Internal loadbearing walls)
A.4 Substitution of seasoned timber member sizes
Appendix B
B.1 Moisture content
B.2 Dimensional stability
B.3 Allowance for shrinkage
Appendix C
Appendix D
Bibliography
Cited references in this standard
[Current]
Timber structures - Bending strength of I-beams - Part 1: Testing, evaluation and characterization
[Current]
Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous open sections, applied by an in-line process
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